Seropositivity of delta hepatitis in patients with positive hepatitis B surface antigen, between 2011 and 2016

Abstract

Results: From 2000-2015 a total of 57 cases of tularemia were reported in Armenia. Of these, 84.2% were male and 78.9% were from rural areas. Distribution of age groups were: ≤18-24.6%, 19-30-54.4%, 31-44-14.01%, ≥45-7.0%. The most common symptoms include: fatigue (n=52, 91%), fever (n=45, 78.9%), pharyngitis (n=40, 70.2%), headache (n=27, 47.4%), hepatomegaly (n=5, 8.8%), and splenomegaly (n=2, 3.5%). The average hospitalization stay was 35.7 days. The most frequent clinical forms were bubonic (n=28, 49.1%), oropharyngeal (n=21, 36.9%) and oculoglandular (n=8, 14%). In all patients enlargement of the lymph nodes was reported, most frequently the cervical ones (n=52, 91.2%). Ultrasound imaging showed hepatosplenomegaly in three cases (5.2%). Antibiotics were given prior to admission for 26 (45.6%) patients and during hospitalization for 54 (94.8%). Twenty-three (40.4%) received monotherapy while 31 (54.4%) received combined therapy. Diagnosis was based on agglutination reaction in most cases (n=50, 87.7%). For seven patients, diagnosis was made based on only clinical-epidemiological history without laboratory confirmation (n=7, 12.3%). Surgical treatment was used for 8.8% patients. Presence of rodents at household was mentioned by 14 (24.6%), while four (7%) noted a vector bite and three (5.3%) had contact with rodents. Over half (56.2%) had centralized water. Conclusion:Most of the patients were male and from rural areas. People from 19-30 years of age were more likely to contract tularemia. Approximately half of the patients had the bubonic form, mainly cervical. Other potential risk factors that might explain a long hospitalization (e.g. suppressed immune system, treatment failure etc.), should be a topic for future investigations.

The changing epidemiology of delta hepatitis in Türkiye over three decades: A systematic review

“…During the study period of 35 years, 111 publications were found 13–123 . Among inactive HBV carriers, 34 studies reported HDV prevalence and it did not change significantly over three decades 6,13–45 (Table 1).…”

“…(Table 2). Seventeen studies included all HBsAg‐positive patients without further describing patients' characteristics and reported decreasing (from Period 1 to Period 2, 7.0%–3.0%) and then increasing (from Period 2 to Period 3, to 4.7%) HDV prevalence 6,66–81 . Cumulative data of these three groups were taken to reveal HDV prevalence in HBV‐infected patients, and it showed decreasing (from Period 1 to Period 2) followed by increasing (from Period 2 to Period 3) HDV prevalence (Table 3 and Figure 2).…”

“…Seventeen studies included all HBsAg-positive patients without further describing patients' characteristics and reported decreasing (from Period 1 to Period 2, 7.0%-3.0%) and then increasing (from Period 2 to Period 3, to 4.7%) HDV prevalence. 6,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81] Cumulative data of these three groups were taken to reveal HDV prevalence in HBV-infected patients, and it showed decreasing (from Period 1 to Period 2) followed by increasing (from Period 2 to Period 3) HDV prevalence (Table 3 and Figure 2). Cumulative data of these three groups were analysed according to the geographic regions of the country: Southeastern Anatolia (22.4%), Eastern Anatolia (8.4%) and Central Anatolia (8.2%) regions had the highest prevalence in Period 1, and their respective changes in Period 2 and Period 3 were as follows: 8.5%-6.8%, 14.8%-10.2% and 2.6%-3.2% (p < .00001 for all three regions).…”

Retrospective Evaluation of Hepatitis Delta Virus Seroprevalence in HBsAg-Positive Patients

“…Çalışmamızda, 1.831 HBsAg pozitif hastanın 66'sında (%3.6) delta antikoru saptanmıştır. Buna göre, Edirne'de 2016 yılında yapılan ve HBsAg pozitif hastalarda HDV seroprevalansının %2.47 olarak tespit edildiği bir çalışmaya oranla, delta antikor pozitifliğinde hafif bir yükselme gözlenmektedir (20) . Bununla birlikte, ülkemizde yapılan benzer çalışmalar ile karşılaştırıldığında, yüksek seroprevalansa sahip belirli bölgeler dışında bu oranın Türkiye geneliyle uyumlu olduğu görülmektedir.…”