Seropositivities to Human Papillomavirus Types 16, 18, or 33 Capsids and to Chlamydia trachomatis Are Markers of Sexual Behavior

Dillner, Joakim; Kallings, Ingegerd; Brihmer, Christina; Sikström, Bo; Koskela, Pentti; Lehtinen, Matti; Schiller, John T.; Sapp, Martin; Pa, Mårdh

doi:10.1093/infdis/173.6.1394

Cited by 151 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The resulting virus-like particles (VLPs), which appear similar to empty virions, can be used in serological studies to test for type specific immunological responses to viral capsid proteins, although there is evidence that a particular assay may cross react with related HPV subtypes (Combita et al, 2002b). Presence of anti-VLP antibodies is an indicator of past and current infection (Kirnbauer et al, 1994;Le Cann et al, 1995;Wideroff et al, 1995;Dillner et al, 1996). The utility of such assays has been demonstrated in previous studies of anti-HPV-16 antibodies in relation to the risk of cancer of the uterine cervix Dillner et al, 1997;Shah et al, 1997;Vonka et al, 1999;Hisada et al, 2001).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in Uganda

et al. 2002

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As part of a larger investigation of cancer in Uganda, we conducted a case -control study of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in adults presenting at hospitals in Kampala. Participants were interviewed about social and lifestyle factors and had blood tested for antibodies to HIV, . The odds of each factor among 60 people with conjunctival cancer was compared to that among 1214 controls with other cancer sites or types, using odds ratios, estimated with unconditional logistic regression. Conjunctival cancer was associated with HIV infection (OR 10.1, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 5.2 -19.4; P50.001), and was less common in those with a higher personal income (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3 -1.2; P50.001). The risk of conjunctival cancer increased with increasing time spent in cultivation and therefore in direct sunlight (w 2 trend=3.9, P=0.05), but decreased with decreasing age at leaving home (w 2 trend=3.9, P=0.05), perhaps reflecting less exposure to sunlight consequent to working in towns, although both results were of borderline statistical significance. To reduce confounding, sexual and reproductive variables were examined among HIV seropositive individuals only. Cases were more likely than controls to report that they had given or received gifts for sex (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.2 -10.4; P=0.03), but this may have been a chance finding as no other sexual or reproductive variable was associated with conjunctival cancer, including the number of self-reported lifetime sexual partners (P=0.4). The seroprevalence of antibodies against HPV-18 and -45 was too low to make reliable conclusions. The presence of anti-HPV-16 antibodies was not significantly associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva (OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.5 -4.3; P=0.5) and nor were anti-KSHV antibodies (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.4 -2.1; P=0.8). The 10-fold increased risk of conjunctival cancer in HIV infected individuals is similar to results from other studies. Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is thought to be an extreme form of a spectrum of clinical conditions, collectively known as 'ocular surface squamous neoplasias', which range in severity from mild dysplasia, to carcinoma in situ and, ultimately, to invasive carcinoma. Symptoms can range from none, to severe pain and visual loss. Lesions generally arise on exposed areas of the eye, particularly on the nasal side, and treatment involves local excision, or in more severe cases, orbital clearance. Metastases are rare and the prognosis is usually favourable.Although relatively rare everywhere, conjunctival carcinoma is more frequent in parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Uganda offers a good setting in which to investigate the epidemiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva, because the tumour was relatively frequent there, even before the onset of the HIV epidemic (Templeton, 1973;Wabinga et al, 2000). In this report, we examine the association of conjunctival tumours with over 50 possible risk factors, including evidence of infection with HIV-1, HPV-16, -18 and -45 and Kaposi's sarcoma-associa...

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in Uganda

et al. 2002

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“…These associations suggest that VLP seropositivity, a marker of past HPV infection, [11][12][13][14][15] rather than HPV-associated tumorigenesis, may actually be the result of HPV exposure that preceded, and possibly contributed to, HPV-related carcinogenesis. More importantly, seropositivities for HPV16 E6 or E7, recognized markers of an HPVassociated malignancy, 9,10 were remarkably higher among cases with high viral load compared to HPV DNA-negative cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibodies against HPV E6 and E7 are markers of an invasive HPV-associated malignancy 9,10 and are rarely present among individuals with HPV DNA-negative oral and oropharyngeal tumors. 1 Antibodies against HPV virus-like particles (VLPs) are considered a marker of cumulative, lifetime HPV infection, [11][12][13][14][15] and are associated with HPV-related disease, but not as strongly as E6 and E7 antibodies. While these markers do not allow for inferences on causality, evaluation of the associations between high and low viral load with HPV16 serologic markers among HPV16 DNA-positive and -negative oral and oropharyngeal SCCs may delineate the subset more likely the result of HPV infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HPV16 semiquantitative viral load and serologic biomarkers in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas

Kreimer

Clifford

Snijders

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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A considerable subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are positive for human papillomavirus (HPV); however, delineating etiologically-associated HPV infections from SCCs with concurrent HPV infection unrelated to tumorigenesis is challenging. Viral load assessment in biopsy specimens may help facilitate such differentiation. HPV16 viral load and serologic markers were assessed among oral and oropharyngeal cases from a multinational study conducted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). HPV16 viral load, measured semiquantitatively by PCR-enzyme immunoassay, was dichotomized as high or low based on the median optical density value. Serologic antibodies to HPV16 virus-like particles (VLPs) and to HPV16 E6 and E7 proteins were measured by ELISA. Compared to HPV DNA-negative cases (n = 852), HPV16 DNA-positive cases with high viral load (n = 26) were significantly more likely to originate in the oropharynx (odds ratio [OR], 12.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.2-27.5) and, after adjustment for tumor site (AdjOR), have antibodies against HPV16 VLPs (AdjOR, 14.6; 95% CI, 6.0-35.6), E6 (AdjOR, 57.6; 95% CI, 21.4-155.3) and E7 (AdjOR, 25.6; 95% CI, 9.3-70.8). HPV16 DNA-positive cases with low viral load (n = 27) were more commonly oropharyngeal (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1-6.2) and seropositive for HPV16 VLPs (AdjOR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1-6.9), E6 (AdjOR, 3.0; 95% CI, 0.7-14.0) and E7 (AdjOR, 3.5; 95% CI, 0.7-16.3), compared to HPV DNA-negative cases; the associations, however, were neither as strong nor as significant as the associations for high viral load. As there appears to be a strong association between HPV16 serologic markers and viral load, in the absence of data on serologic markers, HPV16 viral load may be used to help delineate the subset of HPV16 DNA-positive oral and oropharyngeal cancers that may be the consequence of HPV infection. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: human papillomavirus; HPV16 viral load; oral cancer; oropharyngeal cancer Numerous studies have provided consistent evidence that human papillomavirus (HPV), the necessary cause of cervical cancer, is present in tumor biopsies from approximately 20-50% of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and a smaller subset of oral SCCs. 1-4 Among HPV DNA-positive oropharyngeal SCCs, 90% are positive for HPV16. 1-4 Nonetheless, HPV DNA detection in tumor biopsies may not be sufficient evidence of causation. HPV16 DNA from tumor specimens analyzed jointly with markers of expression of the viral oncogene E6, mutational patterns of the cancer suppressor gene TP53 and levels of allelic loss, have helped identify a subset of these cancers that may be the consequence of HPV infection. 1,2,[5][6][7][8] HPV viral load, a measure of the amount of viral DNA in biopsy specimens, alone or in conjunction with well-characterized HPV serologic assays, may clarify the role of HPV among oral and oropharyngeal cases. Antibodies against HPV E6 and E7 are markers of an invasive HPV-associated malignancy 9,10 and are rarely present among ind...

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“…Clinical and subclinical HPV infection is the most common STI today, with asymptomatic cervical HPV infection detectable in 5-40% of women of reproductive age [8,11,12], and an estimated lifetime risk of infection with any genital HPV strain of 50-80%. Prevalence of HPV DNA (a measure of HPV exposure at a given time point) and HPV seroprevalence (a measure of cumulative HPV exposure) are strongly associated with number of lifetime and recent sexual partners [13][14][15][16]. Women tend to become HPV positive soon after initiation of sexual activity [11,17].…”

Section: What Causes Cervical Cancer ? Human Papillomavirus (Hpv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines for cervical cancer

Lowndes¹

2006

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYThis review focuses on current and future prevention of invasive cervical cancer (ICC), the second most common cancer among women worldwide. Implementation of population-based cytological screening programmes, using the 'Pap ' smear to detect pre-cancerous lesions in the cervix, has resulted in substantial declines in mortality and morbidity from ICC in North America and some European countries. However, cases of, and deaths from, ICC continue to occur. Primary prevention of infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types, the central causal factor of ICC, could further reduce incidence of and mortality from ICC. This is particularly the case in developing countries, which bear 80% of the burden of ICC, and where effective Pap screening programmes are extremely difficult to implement. Very promising results from several trials of synthetic HPV type-specific monovalent (HPV 16) and bivalent (HPV 16 and 18) vaccines have recently been published, showing high efficacy against type-specific persistent HPV infection and development of type-specific pre-cancerous lesions. Large-scale phase III trials of a number of such vaccine candidates are currently underway, and there is real hope that an effective vaccine capable of protecting against infection with HPV types 16 and 18 (which together account for y70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide), and thereby of preventing development of a very significant proportion of cases of ICC, could be available within the next 2 years.

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Seropositivities to Human Papillomavirus Types 16, 18, or 33 Capsids and to Chlamydia trachomatis Are Markers of Sexual Behavior

Cited by 151 publications

References 24 publications

The epidemiology of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in Uganda

The epidemiology of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in Uganda

HPV16 semiquantitative viral load and serologic biomarkers in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas

Vaccines for cervical cancer

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