Seromonitoring of brucellosis in goats and sheep slaughtered at an abattoir in Kampala, Uganda

Kakooza, Steven; Watuwa, James; Ipola, Patrick Albert; Munyiirwa, Damien F N; Kayaga, Edrine; Nabatta, Esther; Mahero, Michael; Ssajjakambwe, Paul; Kaneene, John B.

doi:10.1177/10406387221126658

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The seroprevalence of anti- Brucella antibodies was highest in small ruminants (6.7%), followed by cattle (3.8%) and lowest in pigs (2.8%) ( Table 2 ). Kakooza found similar seroprevalence rates during a sero-monitoring survey of slaughtered goats and sheep in Kampala using a combination of RBT (6.3%) and i-ELISA (6.6%) ( 37 ). Our findings are also consistent with those of Miller, who reported a high seroprevalence of 17% in goats during their study on brucellosis on farms in South Western Uganda using the RBT ( 22 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Sero-prevalence and factors associated with anti-Brucella antibodies in slaughter livestock in Uganda

et al. 2023

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IntroductionBrucellosis is endemic in Uganda and is a major cause of production losses in livestock. Early detection and quantification of the disease is vital for its control and eradication. The aim of this study was to assess the sero-prevalence and factors associated with anti-Brucella antibodies in slaughtered livestock.Materials and methodsSera from 886 cattle, 925 small ruminants, and 900 pigs were collected from regional abattoirs in Northern, Eastern and Central Uganda. To estimate sero-prevalence, sera were serially tested using a combination of the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Native Hapten (NH) immunoprecipitation test. True sero-prevalence was estimated using the Rogan-Gladden estimator considering the sensitivity and specificity of the NH immunoprecipitation test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with seropositivity for anti-Brucella antibodies.Results and discussionSmall ruminants showed the highest seroprevalence (6.7%, 95% CI = 4.2-7.1) followed by cattle (3.8%, 95% CI = 2.4-4.9) and pigs (2.8%, 95% CI = 1.1-2.9). Seropositivity for anti-Brucella antibodies was associated with region of origin (OR = 4.6,95%CI=1.49-17.75, p = 0.013) for cattle; sex (OR = 2.90, 95% C = 1.5-6.34, p = 0.004), age (OR=4.04, 95% CI = 1.07-8.52, p = 0.006) and species (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.08-6.98, p = 0.048) for small ruminants; and finally sex for pigs (OR = 2.88, 95% CI = 1.07-8.52, p = 0.041). Progressive control interventions must include both cattle and small ruminants since they play a bigger role in the maintenance and dissemination of Brucella. The interventions should adopt a risk-based approach with regions at higher risk being given top priority. Bacteriological and molecular studies should be undertaken to clarify the role of pigs and the goat-cattle cross infections in the epidemiological cycle of brucellosis in Uganda.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Sero-prevalence and factors associated with anti-Brucella antibodies in slaughter livestock in Uganda

et al. 2023

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“…This study revealed that the overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in the small ruminant population of the district of Khanewal, Pakistan, was 7.40%, with an apparently higher prevalence in sheep (8.62%) as compared to the goat (6.12%) population. Some previous studies have reported an apparently lower prevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants of different parts of the world, such as 0.99% in the western borders of Pakistan [ 8 ], 6.6% in Kampala, Uganda [ 19 ], 5.59% in Tamil Nadu, India [ 20 ], and 5.8% in Kurdistan, Western Iran [ 21 ]. In contrast to current findings, some previous studies also reported a higher prevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants, such as 12.29% in district Kasur and Sheikhupura, Pakistan [ 15 ], 15.5% in goat and 8.6% in sheep populations of Baringo County, Kenya [ 22 ], 18.3% in Puducherry, India [ 10 ], 18.5% in Tarbiz, Iran [ 23 ], and 31.25% in goat and 22.5% in sheep populations of Matrouh governorate, Egypt [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of brucellosis in small ruminants of district Khanewal, Pakistan

Shirwany,

Awais,

Anwar

et al. 2024

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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Objectives: Keeping in view the economic and veterinary public health importance of brucellosis, this research was conducted to determine its seroprevalence and associated risk determinants in small ruminants in district Khanewal, Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: Two-stage cluster sampling technique was used for sampling, and the sample size was calculated using C-survey 2.0. Accordingly, sera samples (n = 392) were collected from small ruminants in the study area from October 2022 to July 2023. All the samples were tested for the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), followed by confirmation of all the samples using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (ID.vet®, France; sensitivity and specificity=100%, each). Results: The seropositivity rate of brucellosis was 7.14% [n = 28/392; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.87%–10.12%] by RBPT, whereas the results of ELISA showed an overall seroprevalence rate of 7.40% (n = 29/392; 95% CI = 5.11%–10.37%) in the study population. Univariate analysis of risk factors revealed that abortion history (AH), retained fetal membranes (RFMs), repeat breeding, flock size (FS), educational status of farmers (ESFs), awareness about brucellosis (AB), and farm hygiene had a significant association with the seroprevalence of brucellosis (p < 0.05). The multivariate analysis using a binary logistic regression model revealed that variables including tehsil, FS, AH, RFM, ESF, AB, and farming system were significant factors (p < 0.05) associated with brucellosis in the target population. Conclusion: Brucellosis is prevalent in small ruminants in Khanewal, Pakistan. The disease burden can be reduced by improving the reproductive health of animals, farm hygiene, and farmers’ awareness about the diseases. Further studies are needed on a larger scale to devise stringent disease control strategies to avoid losses associated with brucellosis at regional, national, and global levels.

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“…The region of origin, slaughtering cattle, slaughtering small ruminants, and grazing/herding animals as an alternative income generating activity were associated with brucellosis seropositivity (Tables 4 and 5). The high likelihood of slaughterhouse workers from the eastern and central parts of the country being seropositive corelates with the high prevalence in cattle and PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES small ruminants in those areas [36,42,59,60]. Because a large part of the Northeastern region of Uganda is very remote, there is lack of adequate veterinary care [57,61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-prevalence and risk factors associated with occurrence of anti-Brucella antibodies among slaughterhouse workers in Uganda

Bugeza,

Roesel,

Mugizi

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Introduction Brucellosis is a febrile zoonosis occurring among high-risk groups such as livestock keepers and abattoir workers and is a public health priority in Uganda. The technical complexities of bacteriological and molecular methods make serological approaches the cornerstone of diagnosis of human brucellosis in resource limited settings. Therefore, proper application and interpretation of serological tests is central to achieve a correct diagnosis. Materials and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the seroprevalence and factors associated with anti-Brucella antibodies among slaughterhouse workers processing ruminants and pigs in three regions of the country with serial testing using a combination of the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and the BrucellaCapt test. An authorized clinician collected 543 blood samples from consenting abattoir workers as well as attribute medical and social demographic data. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine factors associated with anti-Brucella sero-positivity. Results and discussion The sero-prevalence among ruminant slaughterhouse workers ranged from 7.3% (95% CI: 4.8–10.7) using BrucellaCapt to 9.0% (95% CI: 6.3–12.7) using RBT. Slaughterhouse workers from the Eastern regions (AOR = 9.84, 95%CI 2.27–69.2, p = 0.006) and those who graze animals for alternative income (AOR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.91–6.63, p = 0.040) were at a higher risk of exposure to Brucella. Similarly, those who wore Personal Protective Equipment (AOR = 4.83, 95%CI:1.63–18.0, p = 0.009) and those who slaughter cattle (AOR = 2.12, 95%CI: 1.25–6.0, p = 0.006) were at a higher risk of exposure to Brucella. Those who slaughter small ruminants (AOR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.32–4.01, p = 0.048) were also at a higher risk of exposure to Brucella. Conclusions and recommendations Our study demonstrates the combined practical application of the RBT and BrucellaCapt in the diagnosis of human brucellosis in endemic settings. Both pharmaceutical (e.g., routine testing and timely therapeutic intervention), and non-pharmaceutical (e.g., higher index of suspicion of brucellosis when investigating fevers of unknown origin and observation of strict abattoir hygiene) countermeasures should be considered for control of the disease in high-risk groups.

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Seromonitoring of brucellosis in goats and sheep slaughtered at an abattoir in Kampala, Uganda

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Sero-prevalence and factors associated with anti-Brucella antibodies in slaughter livestock in Uganda

Sero-prevalence and factors associated with anti-Brucella antibodies in slaughter livestock in Uganda

Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of brucellosis in small ruminants of district Khanewal, Pakistan

Sero-prevalence and risk factors associated with occurrence of anti-Brucella antibodies among slaughterhouse workers in Uganda

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