Serological Survey for Avian Influenza in Turkeys in Three States of Southwest Nigeria

Oluwayelu, Daniel Oladimeji; Aiki-Raji, Comfort Oluladun; Adigun, Oladunni Taiwo; Olofintuyi, Opeyemi Kazeem; Adebiyi, Adebowale Idris

doi:10.1155/2015/787890

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…H9N2, H3N8, H5N2, H7N7 and H6N2 LPAI viruses were also detected in domestic poultry. For example, H9N2 LPAI virus detected in Burkina Faso [ 91 ] and Ghana [ 41 ] and H6N2 LPAI virus in South Africa [ 92 , 93 ] were from symptomatic poultry with signs of respiratory distress, decreased egg production and increased mortality, while in Kenya [ 64 ] and Nigeria [ 78 , 94 ] viruses with subtypes H9N2, H7N7, H5N2 and H3N8 were detected in asymptomatic birds. Moreover, mixed infection of H3N8 and H5N2 LPAI viruses was detected in apparently health turkeys ( Meleagris Spp.)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Influenza Viruses Detected in Birds in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Kalonda

Saasa

Nkhoma

et al. 2020

Viruses

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In the recent past, sub-Saharan Africa has not escaped the devastating effects of avian influenza virus (AIV) in poultry and wild birds. This systematic review describes the prevalence, spatiotemporal distribution, and virus subtypes detected in domestic and wild birds for the past two decades (2000–2019). We collected data from three electronic databases, PubMed, SpringerLink electronic journals and African Journals Online, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. A total of 1656 articles were reviewed, from which 68 were selected. An overall prevalence of 3.0% AIV in birds was observed. The prevalence varied between regions and ranged from 1.1% to 7.1%. The Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test showed no significant difference in the prevalence of AIV across regions, χ2(3) = 5.237, p = 0.1553 and seasons, T = 820, z = −1.244, p = 0.2136. Nineteen hemagglutinin/neuraminidase subtype combinations were detected during the reviewed period, with southern Africa recording more diverse AIV subtypes than other regions. The most detected subtype was H5N1, followed by H9N2, H5N2, H5N8 and H6N2. Whilst these predominant subtypes were mostly detected in domestic poultry, H1N6, H3N6, H4N6, H4N8, H9N1 and H11N9 were exclusively detected in wild birds. Meanwhile, H5N1, H5N2 and H5N8 were detected in both wild and domestic birds suggesting circulation of these subtypes among wild and domestic birds. Our findings provide critical information on the eco-epidemiology of AIVs that can be used to improve surveillance strategies for the prevention and control of avian influenza in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Influenza Viruses Detected in Birds in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Kalonda

Saasa

Nkhoma

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…Considering that AI viruses have been reported to impact negatively on food supply and the economy through their effects on the poultry industry (Peiris et al, 2007), flock surveillance can help establish the epidemiological characteristics of AIV infection that would inform development of prevention and control strategies, especially in countries like Nigeria where vaccination against AI is currently prohibited. As part of routine screening for AIVs in southwest Nigeria (Aiki-Raji et al, 2015; Oluwayelu et al, 2015), serologic and molecular surveillance for LPAIVs was conducted in birds from commercial breeder and layer flocks in Oyo state. It has been reported that serologic screening provides insight into the infection history of an animal's entire life (CouacyHymann et al, 2012) while RT-PCR detection of the shedding of viral RNA is often performed to monitor the current influenza status in birds (Wallerström et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flock-Based Surveillance for Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Commercial Breeders and Layers, Southwest Nigeria

Oluwayelu¹,

Omolanwa²,

Adebiyi³

et al. 2016

AJID

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Background: Flock surveillance systems for avian influenza (AI) virus play a critical role in countries where vaccination is not practiced so as to establish the epidemiological characteristics of AI needed for the development of prevention and control strategies in such countries. Materials and Methods: As part of routine AI monitoring in southwest Nigeria, a competitive ELISA was used for detecting influenza A virus antibodies in the sera of 461 commercial breeder and layer birds obtained from different flocks in Oyo State, Nigeria while haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies against low pathogenic AI viruses (LPAIVs) were detected using H5N2, H7N7 and H9N2 subtype-specific antigens. Suspensions prepared from cloacal swabs were tested for AI virus RNA using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results: Results showed that influenza A virus antibody prevalence was 12.8% and 9.3% for breeders and layers, respectively while HI assay revealed 22.0%, 2.0% and 78.0% prevalence of LPAIV H5N2, H7N7 and H9N2 antibodies respectively. All cloacal swab suspensions were negative for AIV RNA. Conclusion: Since LPAI infections result in decreased or complete cessation of egg production in breeder and layer birds, increased infection severity due to co-infection with other poultry viruses have occasionally been transmitted to humans, the detection of LPAIV H5N2, H7N7 and H9N2 antibodies in these birds is of both economic and public health significance. These findings underscore the need for continuous flock monitoring as part of early warning measure to facilitate rapid detection and sustainable control of AI in Nigerian poultry.

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“…A speculative association might be drawn, due to the agreement of the subtype antibodies detected in our study, and the human influenza A virus prevalent in 2016 in Brazil, in both cases the H1 subtype (WHO, 2016). However, it could be postulated that a low interspecies transmission may take place in Belo Horizonte and Santa Maria regions, considering the predominant type of exploitation, characterized by A serological study in Nigeria in 2016, conducted after a large scale outbreak, with hundreds of affected properties and massive economic impact, has shown a total prevalence of 4,4% by ELISA and HI (Oluwayelu et al, 2015) for H3N8 and H5N2 subtypes, with antibody titers to subtype H1 ranging from 1:8 to 1:2,048. Nigeria, as well as other parts of Africa, has been affected by the Eurasian outbreaks of highly pathogenic AIV (OIE, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Diagnosis of Influenza A Subtype H1 on Family Poultry of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais and Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul, in Brazil.

Filho

Torres

Marin

et al. 2018

Braz. J. Poult. Sci.

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Serum samples (n=687) from Gallus gallus domesticus were collected for the investigation of antibodies to avian influenza virus (AIV-A) in the family poultry of the surrounding counties of Santa Maria/RS and the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte/MG, totaling twenty different counties. Additional samples of seventeen (n=17) free-flying ducks (C. moschata pure or hybrid with Anas platyrhynchos) were collected in Belo Horizonte. The chosen tests for the survey were performed as described by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), including agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) for antibodies to AIV-A nucleoprotein (N) and haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) for antibodies to subtype H1. Out of the 704 serum tests performed by AGID, eight (8/704) were revealed positive for antibodies to AIV-A N protein, with six (6/704) retested positive for subtype H1. Two sera tested positive by AGID were shown to be non reactive to the H1 subtype, suggesting specificity to another subtype. A low occurrence of antibodies to influenza A (1.13%) was found, and mostly (75%) specific to subtype H1. This represents an approximately 0,85% overall occurrence for subtype H1 antibodies, with an unknown subtype specific antibodies detected in one free-flying anatid. The low occurrence of antibodies in the family poultry may suggest a low AIV-A activity during the period of study, information which remains to be confirmed by virus detection.

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Serological Survey for Avian Influenza in Turkeys in Three States of Southwest Nigeria

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Avian Influenza Viruses Detected in Birds in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Avian Influenza Viruses Detected in Birds in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Flock-Based Surveillance for Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Commercial Breeders and Layers, Southwest Nigeria

Serological Diagnosis of Influenza A Subtype H1 on Family Poultry of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais and Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul, in Brazil.

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