Serological surveillance for Tahyna virus (California encephalitis orthobunyavirus, Peribunyaviridae) neutralizing antibodies in wild ungulates in Austria, Hungary and Romania

Camp, Jeremy V.; Haider, Rizwan; Porea, Daniela; Oșlobanu, L.; Forgách, Petra; Nowotny, Norbert

doi:10.1111/zph.12457

Cited by 7 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Collectively, the historical data suggest that TAHV is associated with floodwater habitats in eastern Austria and the southern Czech Republic, but may be focal in its distribution [ 17 ]. We therefore focused on three floodplains, comparing mosquito community composition, mosquito species relative abundance, and host usage, and were interested in correlating these aspects with differences in TAHV presence/prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The virus has been isolated or detected in mosquitoes from many countries in Central and Eastern Europe (Additional file 1 : Table S1), and serological evidence from animals and humans suggests the virus was widespread throughout continental Europe [ 12 – 23 ]. More recently, surveys from Austria and the Czech Republic suggest the virus is still circulating in the region [ 17 , 22 , 24 , 25 ]. It has been isolated from mosquitoes in China with associated human case reports [ 26 – 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, there are few, if any, reports of human infections in the last decades, and it is infrequently included in published virosurveys of mosquitoes. We recently performed a serosurvey of large mammals (red deer, roe deer, and wild boar) in Central Europe (Austria, Hungary, and Romania) and found that seroprevalence appeared to be unchanged compared to earlier reports: using wild boar in Austria as a reference, approximately 30% had virus-neutralizing antibodies in 1970 and 2019 [ 12 , 17 ]. We also observed that seroprevalence varied by location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The transmission ecology of Tahyna orthobunyavirus in Austria as revealed by longitudinal mosquito sampling and blood meal analysis in floodplain habitats

Camp

Kniha

Obwaller³

et al. 2021

Parasites Vectors

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Background Tahyna orthobunyavirus (TAHV) is a mosquito-borne virus that may cause mild flu-like symptoms or neurological symptoms in humans. It is historically associated with floodplain habitats in Central Europe, and the mammalophilic floodwater mosquito, Aedes vexans, is thought to be the principal vector. There are few contemporary reports of TAHV transmission ecology within mosquitoes or their vertebrate hosts, and virus infections are rarely reported (and probably seldom diagnosed). The objectives of this study were to survey the mosquito population for TAHV in three floodwater habitats and describe host usage by the predominant floodwater mosquito species to potentially define TAHV transmission at these foci. Methods We performed longitudinal mosquito sampling along three major rivers in eastern Austria to characterize the mosquito community in floodplain habitats, and tested for the presence of TAHV in pools of mosquitoes. We characterized TAHV rescued from mosquito pool homogenate by sequencing. We surveyed mosquito host selection by analyzing mosquito blood meals. Results We identified TAHV in two pools of Ae. vexans captured along the Leitha River. This mosquito, and other floodwater mosquitoes, used large mammals (red deer, roe deer, wild boar) as their hosts. The sequence of the rescued virus was remarkably similar to other TAHV isolates from the region, dating back to the first isolate of TAHV in 1958. Conclusions In general, we confirmed that TAHV is most likely being transmitted by Ae. vexans, although the precise contribution of vertebrate-amplifying hosts to the ecological maintenance of the virus is unclear. The pattern of host selection matches the estimated exposure of the same large mammal species in the region to TAHV based on a recent serosurvey, but hares were also hosts at the site where TAHV was detected. We also confirm humans as hosts of two floodwater mosquito species, providing a potential mechanism for spillover of TAHV or other mosquito-borne viruses. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The transmission ecology of Tahyna orthobunyavirus in Austria as revealed by longitudinal mosquito sampling and blood meal analysis in floodplain habitats

Camp

Kniha

Obwaller³

et al. 2021

Parasites Vectors

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“…The vertebrate hosts of CEV are lagomorphs (hares and rabbits), hedgehogs, and rodents [8]. However, virus-neutralizing antibodies to CEV have been found in gulls, terns and in bald-coots in Russia [66] as well as in wild ungulates in Romania, Hungary and Austria [76]. Animal disease caused by CEV is unknown in EE.…”

Section: Orthobunyaviruses (Genus Orthobunyavirus Family Peribunyavimentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile virus and other mosquito-borne viruses present in Eastern Europe

Napp

Petrić

Busquets

2018

Pathogens and Global Health

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Eastern Europe (EE) has been severely affected by mosquito-borne viruses (moboviruses). In this review, we summarize the epidemiology of moboviruses, with particular attention to West Nile virus (WNV). The study of WNV human cases in EE between 2010 and 2016, revealed that the epidemiology of WNV in EE is complex with the combination of introduction of different WNV strains from lineages 1 and 2, and the establishment of endemic cycles. We found a positive correlation between the risk of WNV re-emergence in an area and the number of human cases reported in the previous year. We also report the main ecological and biological characteristics of the key mosquito species vectors of moboviruses. Recent expansion of invasive mosquito species in EE, mainly Aedes albopictus but also Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, may result in new scenarios with an increased risk of transmission of moboviruses. Main gaps of knowledge in relation to moboviruses and their vectors in EE are identified. Understanding the epidemiology of moboviruses in EE is essential for the improvement of their surveillance and the control of the diseases they cause.

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“…TAHV is widely distributed in continental Europe, as shown by the detection and isolation of the virus from mosquitoes and by serological evidence from animals and humans [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Outside of Europe, TAHV infections have been reported in Asia (southern Siberia and the Far East, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan) and Africa (Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda, Kenya, Angola, South Africa, West Africa).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Tahyna Orthobunyavirus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Patients with Neuroinvasive Disease in Croatia

et al. 2022

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Background: Tahyna orthobunyavirus (TAHV) is widely distributed in continental Europe. Very few studies have analyzed TAHV seroprevalence in Croatia. We analyzed the prevalence of TAHV RNA antibodies in Croatian patients with neuroinvasive disease (NID). Methods: A total of 218 patients with unsolved NID detected during five consecutive arbovirus transmission seasons (April 2017–October 2021) were tested. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine samples were tested for TAHV RNA using RT-PCR. In addition, CSF and serum samples were tested for TAHV antibodies using a virus neutralization test (VNT). Results: Clinical presentations in patients with NID were meningitis (141/64.7%), meningoencephalitis (56/25.7%), myelitis (8/3.7%), and ‘febrile headache’ (13/5.9%). TAHV RNA was not detected in any of the tested CSF or urine samples; however, TAHV-neutralizing (NT) antibodies were detected in 22/10.1% of patients. Detection of NT antibodies in the CSF of two patients presenting with meningitis suggested recent TAHV infection. TAHV seropositivity increased significantly with age, from 1.8% to 24.4%. There was no difference in seroprevalence between genders or areas of residence (urban, suburban/rural). The majority of seropositive patients (90.9%) resided in floodplains along the rivers in continental Croatia. Conclusions: The presented results confirm that TAHV is present in Croatia. The prevalence and clinical significance of TAHV infection in the Croatian population have yet to be determined.

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Serological surveillance for Tahyna virus (California encephalitis orthobunyavirus, Peribunyaviridae) neutralizing antibodies in wild ungulates in Austria, Hungary and Romania

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

The transmission ecology of Tahyna orthobunyavirus in Austria as revealed by longitudinal mosquito sampling and blood meal analysis in floodplain habitats

The transmission ecology of Tahyna orthobunyavirus in Austria as revealed by longitudinal mosquito sampling and blood meal analysis in floodplain habitats

West Nile virus and other mosquito-borne viruses present in Eastern Europe

Detection of Tahyna Orthobunyavirus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Patients with Neuroinvasive Disease in Croatia

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