Serological surveillance and clinical investigation of glanders among indigenous equines in India from 2015 to 2018

Singha, Harisankar; Karuppusamy, S.; Tripathi, Bhupendra Nath; Saini, Sheetal; Khurana, Sandip Kumar; Kanani, Amit; Shah, Nisha; Mital, Anupam; Kanwar, Pooja; Bhatt, Lenin; Limaye, V. A.; Khasa, Vipin; Arora, Rajesh; Gupta, Sanjay; Sangha, Shivani; Sharma, Himanshu; Agarwal, Sharad Kumar; Tapase, Jayant; Parnam, Sunil; Dubey, Prasoon; Baalasundaram, Satya K; Mandal, Biswapati; Virmani, Nitin; Gulati, Baldev R.; Malik, Praveen

doi:10.1111/tbed.13475

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Typical clinical symptoms of glanders in horses are nasal discharge, ulcerations of the nasal mucosa, and multiple skin nodules, especially in the hindlimbs and abdomen [19,20,30]. Transmission of B. mallei occurs mainly through ingestion of contaminated feed or water, or otherwise through direct skin or mucous membrane contact with excretions from infected animal tissues [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to animal welfare concerns, this test is not currently recommended [26]. The complement fixation test (CFT) is considered a suitable screening test for the diagnosis of equine glanders [4,11,12,25,27,28,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equine glanders are fatal zoonotic bacterial infectious diseases caused by Burkholderia mallei . B. mallei primarily affects horses [ 1 , 5 , 6 , 18 , 28 , 34 ], donkeys [ 21 , 30 ], and mules [ 2 ]. Glanders has been eradicated in Western Europe, Great Britain, the United States of America and Canada.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the disease has re-emerged in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and South America. For instance, outbreaks of glanders have recently been reported in Bahrain [ 32 ], Brazil [ 2 , 5 , 6 , 21 ], Pakistan [ 7 ], India [ 17 , 18 , 30 ], Turkey [ 1 ], and Iran [ 10 , 19 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence of equine glanders in horses in the central and eastern parts of Mongolia

et al. 2020

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Glanders is a contagious and fatal equine disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia mallei. B. mallei is prevalent among horse populations in Asia, the Middle East, and South America. More than four million horses have been registered in Mongolia in 2020. However, the resent prevalence of glanders has not been well investigated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the seropositivity of B. mallei in horse populations in Mongolia using the complement fixation test (CFT) and Rose Bengal plate agglutination test (RBT). We randomly collected blood samples from horses in central and eastern Mongolia between 2018 and 2019. Of 337 horses, 26 (7.7%) and 28 (8.3%) were seropositive using RBT and CFT, respectively. Interestingly, seropositivity in horses resulting from crossbreeding of Mongolian native horses with thoroughbred horses was higher than that in Mongolian native horses. Our observations suggest that equine glanders are still endemic to Mongolia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence of equine glanders in horses in the central and eastern parts of Mongolia

et al. 2020

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“…However, glanders generally manifests with a more chronic course in horses (2). Although the disease has been successfully eradicated in North America, Australia and Europe, there are reports of glanders in Asia, the Middle East and South America, and hence it is considered as a re-emerging disease (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Also, B. mallei is considered a category B biothreat agent (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A glycoengineered antigen exploiting a conserved proteinO-glycosylation pathway in theBurkholderiagenus for diagnosis of glanders infections

Wang

Glaser

Scott

et al. 2020

Preprint

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We recently described a protein O-glycosylation pathway conserved in all species of the Burkholderia genus that results in synthesis and incorporation of a trisaccharide glycan to membrane-exported proteins. Here, we exploited this system to construct and evaluate a diagnostic tool for glanders. Burkholderia mallei, the causative agent of glanders, is a highly infectious and fatal zoonotic pathogen that mainly infects horses, mules, donkeys and occasionally humans. A highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tool is crucial for the control, elimination and eradication of B. mallei infections. We constructed plasmids carrying synthetic genes encoding a modified, previously unannotated Burkholderia glycoprotein containing three glycosylation sequons fused to the cholera toxin B-subunit. The resulting proteins were glycosylated in the B. cenocepacia K56-2 parental strain, but not in glycosylation-deficient mutants, as determined by SDS-PAGE and fluorescent lectin blots. One of these glycoproteins was used as an antigen in ELISA and western blots to screen a panel of serum samples collected from glanders-infected and healthy horses previously investigated by complement fixation test and indirect ELISA based on a semi-purified fraction of B. mallei. We show that ELISA and western blot assays based on our glycoprotein antigen provide 100 % specificity, with a sensitivity greater than 88%. The glycoprotein antigen was recognized by serum samples collected from patients infected with B. pseudomallei, B. mallei, B. multivorans and B. cenocepacia. Our results indicate that protein O-glycosylation in Burkholderia can be exploited as a biomarker for diagnosis of Burkholderia-associated infections.IMPORTANCEGlanders is a severe zoonotic disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia mallei, which affects horses, mules and donkeys, as well as humans. B. mallei is also considered a category B biothreat agent. Due to insufficient pathognomonic symptoms in the early stages of glanders, diagnosis can be difficult. Complement fixation is the most accurate and reliable serological test prescribed by the World Organization for Animal Health; however, this test has a considerable number of false-positive results. We have recently described a conserved protein O-glycosylation pathway present in all species of the Burkholderia genus; we also demonstrated that Burkholderia-infected humans develop anti-glycan antibodies. Here, we exploited this system to construct and evaluate a synthetic glycoengineered protein antigen as a diagnostic tool for glanders. Our results show 100 % specificity in the detection of antibodies from infected horses, indicating that protein O-glycosylation in Burkholderia can be exploited as a biomarker for diagnosis of Burkholderia-associated infections.

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Glanders & Melioidosis - A Zoonosis and a Sapronosis

Virk

Fhogartaigh

Dance

2022

Zoonoses: Infections Affecting Humans and Animals

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Serological surveillance and clinical investigation of glanders among indigenous equines in India from 2015 to 2018

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Seroprevalence of equine glanders in horses in the central and eastern parts of Mongolia

Seroprevalence of equine glanders in horses in the central and eastern parts of Mongolia

A glycoengineered antigen exploiting a conserved proteinO-glycosylation pathway in theBurkholderiagenus for diagnosis of glanders infections

Glanders & Melioidosis - A Zoonosis and a Sapronosis

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