Serological study of Bordetella Pertussis, Mycoplasma Pneumonia and Chlamydia Pneumonia in Iranian hajj pilgrims with prolonged cough illnesses: A follow-up study

Rahimian, Masoud; HosseiniB, Mahdi

doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2017.10.009

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Overall, the prevalence of cough ranged from 1.9% in domestic and international pilgrims in 1999 [13] to 91.5% in Malaysian pilgrims in 2007 [14,15] ( Table 3). More recent studies, conducted in different populations of pilgrims during the 2011-2014 Hajj seasons, reported prevalence of cough ranging from 46.3% to 86.8% [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. These studies also reported a comparable prevalence of sore throat ranging from 34.7% to 91% among pilgrims [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Cohort Studies Addressing the Prevalence Of Respiratory Tracmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Of the 277 papers identified 183 records were excluded after screening the title and abstract. Of the 94 full text articles reviewed, 61 were deemed suitable for inclusion in this review S. Benkouiten et al Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 28 (2019) [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] [27] (continued on next page) according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The results of the search strategy are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical respiratory infections and pneumonia during the Hajj pilgrimage: A systematic review

Benkouiten

Al‐Tawfiq

Memish

et al. 2019

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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A B S T R A C TBackground: The Islamic Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca is one of the world's largest annual mass gatherings. Inevitable overcrowding during the pilgrims' stay greatly increases the risk of acquiring and spreading infectious diseases, especially respiratory diseases. Method: The MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for all relevant papers published prior to February 2018 that evaluated the prevalence of clinical symptoms of respiratory infections, including pneumonia, among Hajj pilgrims, as well as their influenza and pneumococcal vaccination status. Results: A total of 61 papers were included in the review. Both cohort-and hospital-based studies provide complementary data, and both are therefore necessary to provide a complete picture of the total burden of respiratory diseases during the Hajj. Respiratory symptoms have been common among Hajj pilgrims over the last 15 years. In cohorts of pilgrims, cough ranged from 1.9% to 91.5%. However, the prevalence rates of the most common symptoms (cough, sore throat, and subjective fever) of influenza-like illness (ILI) varied widely across the included studies. These studies have shown variable results, with overall rates of ILI ranging from 8% to 78.2%. These differences might result from differences in study design, study period, and rates of vaccination against seasonal influenza that ranged from 1.1% to 100% among study participants. Moreover, the definition of ILI was inconsistent across studies. In hospitalized Hajj pilgrims, the prevalence of pneumonia, that remains a major concern in critically ill patients, ranged from 0.2% to 54.8%. Conclusions: Large multinational follow-up studies are recommended for clinic-based syndromic surveillance, in conjunction with microbiological surveillance. Matched cohorts ensure better comparability across studies. However, study design and data collection procedures should be standardized to facilitate reporting and to achieve comparability between studies. Furthermore, the definition of ILI, and of most common symptoms used to define respiratory infections (e.g., upper respiratory tract infection), need to be precisely defined and consistently used. Future studies need to address potential effect of influenza and pneumococcal vaccine in the context of the Hajj pilgrimage.

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Section: Cohort Studies Addressing the Prevalence Of Respiratory Tracmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical respiratory infections and pneumonia during the Hajj pilgrimage: A systematic review

Benkouiten

Al‐Tawfiq

Memish

et al. 2019

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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“…The size of such gatherings increases the risk of certain public health issues and requires special attention to mitigate these risks (WHO 2005). Without proper planning and foresight, such events can put a strain on the health response resources of the community or country hosting the event, as well as a strain on global health responses, since these attendees are a part of a global population with diverse countries of return and origin (Leangapichart et al 2017;Khan et al 2017;Rahimian and Hosseini 2017;Cobbin et al 2017;WHO 2015). Events such as the Olympic Games, political rallies, and religious assemblies like Hajj are examples of mass gatherings that attract a large number of people (WHO 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparedness for Mass Gathering During Hajj and Umrah

Ridda¹,

Mansoor²,

Briggs³

et al. 2019

Handbook of Healthcare in the Arab World

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The role of public health preparedness at mass gatherings (MGs) and a framework to ensure a safe and healthy mass gathering are provided in this chapter. The unique aspects of Hajj and Umrah events, including their massive size and the interplay of environmental conditions with the international nature of attendees, require proper and thorough public health preparation. The key aspects of a framework designed to promote public health at mass gatherings are also outlined in this chapter. The key aspects include risk assessment, public health surveillance; regulations, legislation and policy; emergency planning and response; environmental health; public health awareness; strengthening communication; and internal organizational and capacity building. Our search evaluates literatures pertaining to the frameworks of public health concerns at mass gatherings and analyzes the preparedness and effectiveness of such regulations and projections in current models of disaster preparedness and public health promotion. Such a model is crucial for setting the stage for decision-making and ensuring the safety of attendees; it should be implemented before the commencement of the event. Further, the health risks associated with attending a mass gathering such as Hajj/Umrah are discussed. Clinicians and attendees have specific roles to play in ensuring good public health during these pilgrimages. Clinicians have a role in ensuring attendees are well equipped with the knowledge and resources to stay healthy during Hajj/Umrah, which helps to protect the public from infectious disease transmission. Attendees have a role in ensuring personal health and maintaining hygiene standards. Infectious diseases of concern at such mass gatherings include Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV), meningococcal disease, diarrheal disease and seasonal influenza. Other diseases of concern include the potential for pilgrims to contract Zika due to local populations of Zika vectors. Specific vaccine requirements and knowledge regarding health warnings are crucial to Hajj attendees when traveling to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). In addition, pilgrims are encouraged to seek accurate information related to travel and visas and requirements of Hajj-specific travel visas.

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