Serological studies on infections by respiratory viruses of the inhabitants of Tristan da Cunha

Tyrrell, D. A. J.; Peto, M; King, Nation Religion

doi:10.1017/s002217240004585x

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Based on serological testing and the information obtained from a medical officer, the inhabitants on Tristan da Cunha had been exposed to intense respiratory infections very rarely. On the contrary, during their 2-year stay in the UK as immigrants because of volcanic eruption on their home island, they showed a strikingly high incidence of respiratory infections (74,75). Brown et al reported concordant findings among the Pacific island populations (76,77), and more recently, by Flynn et al (78,79).…”

Section: Exposure To Bacterial Viral and Protozoan Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 96%

Asthma and atopy – the price of affluence?

Hertzen

Haahtela²

2004

Allergy

121

110

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Irrespective of improved knowledge of many aspects of atopic diseases, the unfavorable trends in their prevalence particularly among children could not have been reversed. A growing body of evidence suggests that something may lack from our societal affluence that has the capacity to provide protection against the development of atopic diseases. Much attention during the last years has been devoted to the hygiene hypothesis. This review outlines the impact of environment and lifestyle, particularly from the perspective of the East–West gradient, on the development of atopic diseases, with a special emphasis on the hygiene hypothesis in its broadest sense.

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Section: Exposure To Bacterial Viral and Protozoan Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 96%

Asthma and atopy – the price of affluence?

Hertzen

Haahtela²

2004

Allergy

121

110

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“…However, a high prevalence of influenza C antibody in Kadaklan may be explained by an alternative possibility that the virus is introduced to this village from other communities every few years, giving the antibody to all the infants within 1 to 2 years after their birth. This must be considered since previous serological studies have presented evidence for the frequent introduction of respiratory viruses into even the most isolated islands (3,14). Investigation of the prevalence of the antibodies to other common viruses (e.g., influenza A and B viruses, measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus, etc.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of the Antibody to Influenza C Virus in a Northern Luzon Highland Village, Philippines

Nishimura¹,

Sugawara²,

Kitame³

et al. 1987

Microbiology and Immunology

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A total of 101 serum samples were collected from the persons (1 to 85 years of age) living in a Philippine mountain village where the contact with other communities has largely been restricted. These sera were tested for the presence of antibody to influenza C virus with hemagglutination-inhibition and radioimmunoprecipitation tests. The results showed that all the subjects, including the persons who had never been outside the village, contained the antibody to the surface glycoprotein of the virus, and that the age of acquisition of the antibody was significantly lower in this village than in any of the previously studied communities. Thus it appeared that infection with influenza C virus was prevalent even in this small mountain village, presumably with a higher incidence than in the larger, industrialized communities.

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“…There was some clinical evidence that successive epidemics were due to different agents [12]. The inhabitants themselves were not particularly resistant to infection; indeed, when they were evacuated to the outside world they suffered severely from respiratory infections, and some of the viruses involved were documented [ 13], In these studies the illnesses spread quite slowly through families and the community. The spread of viruses, particularly rhinoviruses, has been documented in families and in offices, and again seems to be gradual rather than explosive [8,14], The overall incidence is so high because there are so many serotypes, and in early life babies are susceptible to them all.…”

Section: Preventing Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transmission of Colds and Coughs

Tyrrell¹

1992

Indoor Built Environ

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The commonest adverse health effect from the indoor environment is a respiratory tract infection, most often a common cold. Any one of a number of viruses can cause colds. The full process by which infections are contracted is poorly understood. However, there must be direct contact between the infecting agent and the nasal or lower airway cells. Such contact may follow dispersal as airborne droplets (5-20 pm), generated by sneezing. Alternatively, a dose of infective agent may be transmitted on the fingers, causing a cold when these come in contact with susceptible tissue. If this were the case, one would expect to be able to reduce transmission with simple hygiene procedures employing viricidal solutions. The experimental evidence for this is equivocal, suggesting that most common colds are transmitted via the indoor air.

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Serological studies on infections by respiratory viruses of the inhabitants of Tristan da Cunha

Cited by 35 publications

References 23 publications

Asthma and atopy – the price of affluence?

Asthma and atopy – the price of affluence?

Prevalence of the Antibody to Influenza C Virus in a Northern Luzon Highland Village, Philippines

The Transmission of Colds and Coughs

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