Serological Prevalence of Canine Respiratory Coronavirus in Southern Italy and Epidemiological Relationship with Canine Enteric Coronavirus

Abstract

Abstract. Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) has been detected in dogs suffering from respiratory disease and is thought to be involved in canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) complex. Canine enteric coronavirus (CECoV) is a widespread pathogen of dogs, responsible for mild to severe diarrhea in pups. The purpose of this study was to establish the seroprevalence of CRCoV in Italy and its relationship to CECoV type II seroprevalence. The age and year of sample collection from seropositive dogs was also assessed. Of adult domestic dogs, 23.3% had antibodies to CRCoV, compared with 86.1% with antibodies to CECoV. Amongst a population of kenneled pups, 4.0% had antibodies to CRCoV, and 97.0% had antibodies to CECoV.

Tropism and pathological findings associated with canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV)

“…Previous publications have collectively demonstrated the global distribution of CRCoV and its association with respiratory disease in dogs under field conditions (Erles et al, 2003;Decaro et al, 2007;Kaneshima et al, 2006;Priestnall et al, 2006Priestnall et al, , 2007Yachi and Mochizuki, 2006;Knesl et al, 2009). This is the first publication to report experimental infection of dogs using CRCoV, and the comparison of different CRCoV isolates from wide geographic origins.…”

“…Crucially, isolation of CRCoV was achieved from six of the seven tissues collected (the bronchial lymph node remained negative) as well as the lung lavage fluid. Re-isolation of virus from experimentally infected dogs displaying clinical signs of disease, signifies a causal relationship between CRCoV and respiratory disease, which until now has been best demonstrated through epidemiological surveys (Erles et al, 2004(Erles et al, , 2003Decaro et al, 2007;Kaneshima et al, 2006;Priestnall et al, 2006Priestnall et al, , 2007Knesl et al, 2009).…”

“…Since its initial discovery in 2003 (Erles et al, 2003); canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) is now considered to be a significant CIRD pathogen, most frequently detected in dogs with mild respiratory clinical signs during the early stages of CIRD onset (Erles et al, 2003). Although CRCoV has been found worldwide (Decaro et al, 2007;Erles and Brownlie, 2008;Kaneshima et al, 2006;Priestnall et al, 2006Priestnall et al, , 2007Yachi and Mochizuki, 2006;Knesl et al, 2009); little is known regarding its pathogenesis, tissue tropism or virulence differences among global isolates in the canine host.…”

Quantification of mRNA encoding cytokines and chemokines and assessment of ciliary function in canine tracheal epithelium during infection with canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV)

“…The virus appears to be particularly prevalent in housed populations and within 3 weeks of entry to a kennel, dogs develop antibodies to the virus (Erles et al, 2003). Serological evidence of the virus exists in three continents (Decaro et al, 2007;Kaneshima et al, 2006;Priestnall et al, 2006Priestnall et al, , 2007, however little is known regarding the pathogenesis of the infection and the possible role of the virus in the canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) complex.…”

Development of a quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of canine respiratory coronavirus

“…Phylogenetic analysis places CRCoV in group 2 of the Coronaviridae family related most closely to bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and human coronavirus OC43 (OC43) (Erles et al, 2003). Serological studies have shown CRCoV to be present in the UK, Ireland, Italy, USA and Japan (Decaro et al, 2007;Erles and Brownlie, 2005;Kaneshima et al, 2006;Priestnall et al, 2006Priestnall et al, , 2007.…”