Serological Methods for the Detection of Major Grapevine Viruses

Blouin, Arnaud; Chooi, Kar Mun; Cohen, Daniel; MacDiarmid, Robin M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57706-7_21

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…A preliminary screen of prospective grapevines displaying typical GLD foliar symptoms that could be used as a source of virus inoculum from New Zealand commercial vineyards was conducted by double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) [ 35 ] and conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using GLRaV-3-specific primers as described previously [ 26 ]. Following this testing, cane material from selected vines with GLRaV-3 infections of interest were collected, self-rooted, potted, and grown in a glasshouse.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To confirm the virus population in the source plant material, the propagated glasshouse plants were screened by DAS-ELISA [ 35 ], conventional and real-time RT-PCR assays using GLRaV-3-specific primers [ 26 , 27 ], and high throughput sequencing (HTS) of the double-stranded RNA following a previously described protocol [ 36 , 37 ]. The following set of rules in regard to virus population, in order of priority, was used to select the most suitable source of propagated plant material for the establishment of the regional sites.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 3 Genotype Influences Foliar Symptom Development in New Zealand Vineyards

Chooi

Bell

Blouin

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) constrains wine production worldwide. In New Zealand, the main causal agent of GLD is grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3). To control GLD, an integrated management program is used and includes removing (roguing) GLRaV-3-infected vines from the vineyard. The classical foliar symptoms from virus-infected red-berry cultivars are leaves with dark red intervein, green veins, and downward rolling of margins. Growers use these phenotypic cues to undertake visual symptom identification (VSI) for GLD. However, the influence of the known large genetic variation among GLRaV-3 isolates on the foliar symptoms from different grapevine cultivars remains undescribed, especially in cool-climate growing environments, such as New Zealand. Over three vintages (2015, 2016, and 2017), VSI for GLD was undertaken at three field sites in New Zealand (Auckland, Hawke’s Bay, and Marlborough), each including four cultivars (Merlot, Pinot noir, Sauvignon blanc, and Pinot gris) infected with three GLRaV-3 genotypes (Groups I, VI, and X) or GLRaV-3-uninfected control plants. Throughout this study, no visual symptoms were observed on white-berry cultivars infected with GLRaV-3. For red-berry cultivars, the greatest variability in observed foliar symptoms among regional study sites, cultivars, and GLRaV-3 genotypes was observed early in the growing season. In particular, Group X had significantly delayed symptom expression across all three sites compared with Groups I and VI. As the newly infected, young vines matured in years 2 and 3, the GLRaV-3 genotype, cultivar, region, and environmental conditions had minimal influence on the accuracy of VSI, with consistently high (>95%) within-vintage identification by the end of each vintage. The results from this study strongly support the use of VSI for the GLD management of red-berry cultivar grapevines, Merlot and Pinot noir, as a reliable and cost-effective tool against GLD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 3 Genotype Influences Foliar Symptom Development in New Zealand Vineyards

Chooi

Bell

Blouin

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…For GLRaV-3-negative plant material, Cabernet franc were sourced from a New Zealand grapevine collection (Lincoln, New Zealand; New Zealand Winegrowers) and Merlot from Riversun Nursery (Gisborne, New Zealand). The virus status of all plants was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunocapture RT-qPCR ( Blouin et al, 2017 ). White clover ( Trifolium repens L. cv.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention and Transmission of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 3 by Pseudococcus calceolariae

et al. 2021

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Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), an economically significant pathogen of grapevines, is transmitted by Pseudococcus calceolariae, a mealybug commonly found in New Zealand vineyards. To help inform alternative GLRaV-3 control strategies, this study evaluated the three-way interaction between the mealybug, its plant host and the virus. The retention and transmission of GLRaV-3 by P. calceolariae after access to non-Vitis host plants (and a non-GLRaV-3 host) White clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. “Grasslands Huia white clover”), Crimson clover (T. incarnatum), and Nicotiana benthamiana (an alternative GLRaV-3 host) was investigated. For all experiments, P. calceolariae first instars with a 4 or 6 days acquisition access period on GLRaV-3-positive grapevine leaves were used. GLRaV-3 was detected in mealybugs up to 16 days on non-Vitis plant hosts but not after 20 days. GLRaV-3 was retained by second instars (n = 8/45) and exuviae (molted skin, n = 6/6) following a 4 days acquisition period on infected grapevines leaves and an 11 days feeding on non-Vitis plant hosts. Furthermore, GLRaV-3 was transmitted to grapevine (40−60%) by P. calceolariae second instars after access to white clover for up to 11 days; 90% transmission to grapevine was achieved when no alternative host feeding was provided. The 16 days retention period is the longest observed in mealybug vectoring of GLRaV-3. The results suggest that an alternative strategy of using ground-cover plants as a disrupter of virus transmission may be effective if mealybugs settle and continue to feed on them for 20 or more days.

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“…As easy, accurate, and cheap diagnostic methods, these diagnostic methods are based on monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies binding to viral particles. In-depth reviews of such serological diagnostic methods and spectral imaging technologies are discussed elsewhere [13][14][15]. Several kinds of ELISA methods are used for plant virus detection, such as double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA), direct and indirect ELISA, and Affimer protein (AP)-based ELISA.…”

Section: The Diagnostic Toolbox In Grapevine Virologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method can also be used for virus quantification by quantifying the chromogenic product by spectrophotometer [16,17]. Five major suppliers have designed more than 70 ELISA reagent sets for detecting 18 different viruses in grapevine samples [14]. However, antibody preparation is labor-intensive and expensive, and the possibility of false positive and negative results in these kinds of dignostics is high [18].…”

Section: The Diagnostic Toolbox In Grapevine Virologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Grapevine Virology in the Third-Generation Sequencing Era: From Virus Detection to Viral Epitranscriptomics

Javaran¹,

Moffett²,

Lemoyne³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Among all economically important plant species in the world, grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is the most cultivated fruit plant. It has a significant impact on the economies of many countries through wine and fresh and dried fruit production. In recent years, the grape and wine industry has been facing outbreaks of known and emerging viral diseases across the world. Although high-throughput sequencing (HTS) has been used extensively in grapevine virology, the application and potential of third-generation sequencing have not been explored in understanding grapevine viruses and their impact on the grapevine. Nanopore sequencing, a third-generation technology, can be used for direct sequencing of both RNA and DNA with minimal infrastructure. Compared to other HTS methods, the MinION nanopore platform is faster and more cost-effective and allows for long-read sequencing. Due to the size of the MinION device, it can be easily carried for field viral disease surveillance. This review article discusses grapevine viruses and their diagnostic methods, the principle of nanopore sequencing technology and its application in grapevine virus detection, virus–plant interactions, as well as the characterization of viral RNA modifications.

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Serological Methods for the Detection of Major Grapevine Viruses

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 3 Genotype Influences Foliar Symptom Development in New Zealand Vineyards

Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 3 Genotype Influences Foliar Symptom Development in New Zealand Vineyards

Retention and Transmission of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 3 by Pseudococcus calceolariae

Grapevine Virology in the Third-Generation Sequencing Era: From Virus Detection to Viral Epitranscriptomics

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