Serological markers of gluten sensitivity in Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles

Abstract

To evaluate serological markers of gluten sensitivity in conjunction with cholecystokinin measurement in Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles. Materials and MethOds: Medical records from two referral hospitals were obtained between 2011 and 2019 to identify Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles, non-Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles and control Border terriers with non-biliary diseases. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed on stored fasted serum samples for anti-gliadin IgG, anti-canine transglutaminase-2-IgA autoantibodies and cholecystokinin. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskall-Wallis test to identify differences between the groups. results: Fifteen Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles, 17 non-Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles and 14 control Border terriers with non-biliary diseases were recruited. Median transglutaminase-2-IgA autoantibodies in Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles was 0.73 (range: 0.18 to 1.67), which was significantly greater than in control Border terriers at 0.41 (0.07 to 1.14). Median cholecystokinin concentration in Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles was 13 pg/mL (6 to 45 pg/mL), which was significantly lower than in control Border terriers at 103 pg/mL (9 to 397 pg/mL). There was no difference in the anti-gliadin IgG between these groups. There was no difference observed in the non-Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles with either of the other groups. clinical significance: Reduced cholecystokinin and increased transglutaminase-2-IgA autoantibodies was detected in Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles; which is in part homologous to gall bladder disease identified in human coeliac disease. The results suggest an immunological disease with impaired cholecystokinin release may be affecting gall bladder motility and possibly contributing to mucocoele formation in Border terriers.

Canine extrahepatic biliary disease

“…The disease typically affects older aged dogs (median, 10 years) but can be found in a wide range of ages (1.5 to 17 years) and there is no apparent sex predisposition (Tsukagoshi et al 2012, Malek et al 2013, Choi et al 2014, Gookin et al 2015, Kesimer et al 2015, Lee et al 2017b, Jaffey et al 2018, Youn et al 2018, Aicher et al 2019, Parkanzky et al 2019, Piegols et al 2020. A review of breed distribution highlights a clear predilection for purebred dogs and indicates that the most commonly reported breeds include mixed-breed dogs (331/2163; 15.3%), Shetland sheepdog (234, 10.8%), cocker spaniel (169, 7.8%), miniature schnauzer (131, 6.0%), Border terrier (108, 5.0%), Pomeranian (95, 4.4%), beagle (92, 4.3%), bichon frise (88, 4.1%), toy/miniature poodle (79, 3.7%), Chihuahua (76, 3.5%), shih-tzu (60, 2.8%), Yorkshire terrier (45, 2.1%) and Maltese (36, 1.7%) (Malek et al 2013, Choi et al 2014, Kutsunai et al 2014, Kesimer et al 2015, Kakimoto et al 2017, Lee et al 2017b, Allerton et al 2018, Gookin et al 2018, Hayakawa et al 2018, Jaffey et al 2018, Youn et al 2018, Aicher et al 2019, Fuerst & Hostnik 2019, Parkanzky et al 2019, Wennogle et al 2019, Barker et al 2020, Piegols et al 2020.…”

“…Submission of multiple sample types is important to increase the likelihood of identifying bacterial growth. Overall, 14.8% (67/451) of dogs with GBM that had ≥1 sample submitted for bacterial culture had positive results in the veterinary literature (Malek et al 2013, Guess et al 2015, Kesimer et al 2015, Allerton et al 2018, Gookin et al 2018, Jaffey et al 2018, Youn et al 2018, Parkanzky et al 2019, Wennogle et al 2019, Barker et al 2020. The two most commonly cultured isolates were Escherichia coli (19%, 15/79) and Enterococcus spp (13.9%, 11/79).…”

“…2019, Barker et al . 2020). The two most commonly cultured isolates were Escherichia coli (19%, 15/79) and Enterococcus spp (13.9%, 11/79).…”

“…Fifteen percent (67/451) of dogs had culture positivity with 79 isolates identified(Malek et al 2013, Guess et al 2015, Kesimer et al 2015, Allerton et al 2018, Gookin et al 2018, Jaffey et al 2018, Youn et al 2018, Parkanzky et al 2019, Wennogle et al 2019, Barker et al 2020) *Total of 78 positive cultures with aerobic or anaerobic designation…”

The effect of flushing of the common bile duct on hepatobiliary markers and short‐term outcomes in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy for the management of gall bladder mucocele: A randomized controlled prospective study

“…As the disease progresses, distension of the gallbladder and eventual rupture can occur, leading to bile peritonitis. The underlying etiology is unknown; however, a number of studies have made associations with endocrinopathies, 5 immunological diseases, 6 genetic defects, 7 idiopathic hyperlipidemia, 3 and administration of particular drugs 8 …”