Serological findings following the second and third SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines in lung transplant recipients

Bárczi, Enikő; Varga, Viktor; Nagy, Alexandra; Eszes, Noémi; Kovats, Zsuzsanna; Müller, Veronika; Bohács, Anikó

doi:10.1002/iid3.646

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…This is specially the case for organ-transplanted patients or patients suffering multiple sclerosis. These patients did not benefit from BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines due to their immunosuppressive treatments [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. On the other hand, the efficacy of these vaccines has been demonstrated in patients with several types of cancers.…”

Section: Advantages and Caveats Of Efficacy And Safety Of Mrna Sars-c...mentioning

confidence: 99%

mRNA Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2: Advantages and Caveats

Echaide

Chocarro

Bocanegra

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The application of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection has constituted a determinant resource to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the beginning of 2021, millions of doses have been administered in several countries of North and South America and Europe. Many studies have confirmed the efficacy of these vaccines in a wide range of ages and in vulnerable groups of people against COVID-19. Nevertheless, the emergence and selection of new variants have led to a progressive decay in vaccine efficacy. Pfizer–BioNTech and Moderna developed updated bivalent vaccines—Comirnaty and Spikevax—to improve responses against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants. Frequent booster doses with monovalent or bivalent mRNA vaccines, the emergence of some rare but serious adverse events and the activation of T-helper 17 responses suggest the need for improved mRNA vaccine formulations or the use of other types of vaccines. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of mRNA vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 focusing on the most recent, related publications.

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Section: Advantages and Caveats Of Efficacy And Safety Of Mrna Sars-c...mentioning

confidence: 99%

mRNA Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2: Advantages and Caveats

Echaide

Chocarro

Bocanegra

et al. 2023

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Immune responses of lung transplant recipients against SARS-CoV-2 and common respiratory coronaviruses: Evidence for pre-existing cross-reactive immunity

Bansal,

Fleming,

Canez

et al. 2023

Transplant Immunology

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Predominantly defective CD8+ T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in lung transplant recipients

Taus¹,

Shino²,

Ibarrondo³

et al. 2023

J Transl Med

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Background Although mRNA vaccines have overall efficacy preventing morbidity/mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection, immunocompromised persons remain at risk. Antibodies mostly prevent early symptomatic infection, but cellular immunity, particularly the virus-specific CD8+ T cell response, is protective against disease. Defects in T cell responses to vaccination have not been well characterized in immunocompromised hosts; persons with lung transplantation are particularly vulnerable to vaccine failure with severe illness. Methods Comparison groups included persons with lung transplantation and no history of COVID-19 (21 and 19 persons after initial mRNA vaccination and a third booster vaccination respectively), 8 lung transplantation participants recovered from COVID-19, and 22 non-immunocompromised healthy control individuals after initial mRNA vaccination (without history of COVID-19). Anti-spike T cell responses were assayed by stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with pooled small overlapping peptides spanning the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, followed by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) and flow cytometry for release of cytokines in response to stimulation, including negative controls (no peptide stimulation) and positive controls (phorbol myristate acetate [PMA] and ionomycin stimulation). To evaluate for low frequency memory responses, PBMCs were cultured in the presence of the mRNA-1273 vaccine for 14 days before this evaluation. Results Ionophore stimulation of PBMCs revealed a less inflammatory milieu in terms of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and IL-10 profiling in lung transplantation individuals, reflecting the effect of immunosuppressive treatments. Similar to what we previously reported in healthy vaccinees, spike-specific responses in lung transplantation recipients were undetectable (< 0.01%) when tested 2 weeks after vaccination or later, but were detectable after in vitro culture of PBMCs with mRNA-1273 vaccine to enrich memory T cell responses. This was also seen in COVID-19-recovered lung transplantation recipients. Comparison of their enriched memory responses to controls revealed relatively similar CD4+ T cell memory, but markedly reduced CD8+ T cell memory both after primary vaccination or a booster dose. These responses were not correlated to age or time after transplantation. The vaccine-induced CD4+ and CD8+ responses correlated well in the healthy control group, but poorly in the transplantation groups. Conclusions These results reveal a specific defect in CD8+ T cells, which have key roles both in transplanted organ rejection but also antiviral effector responses. Overcoming this defect will require strategies to enhance vaccine immunogenicity in immunocompromised persons.

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Serological findings following the second and third SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines in lung transplant recipients

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

mRNA Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2: Advantages and Caveats

mRNA Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2: Advantages and Caveats

Immune responses of lung transplant recipients against SARS-CoV-2 and common respiratory coronaviruses: Evidence for pre-existing cross-reactive immunity

Predominantly defective CD8+ T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in lung transplant recipients

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