Serological Evidence of Yersiniosis, Tick-Borne Encephalitis, West Nile, Hepatitis E, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Lyme Borreliosis, and Brucellosis in Febrile Patients Presenting at Diverse Hospitals in Kenya

Nyataya, Josphat; Maraka, Moureen; Lemtudo, Allan P.; Masakhwe, Clement; Mutai, Beth; Njaanake, Kariuki; Estambale, Benson B.; Nyakoe, Nancy; Siangla, Joram; Waitumbi, John N.

doi:10.1089/vbz.2019.2484

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Cattle and other domestic animals may serve as reservoirs for CCHFV, which pose a threat to humans [23,33]. In Kenya, evidence of CCHFV exposure in humans and diverse tick species has been documented [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowledge of the critical role of livestock in sustaining CCHFV transmission is important in preventing and controlling the virus [23]. Moreover, the determination of whether predisposing factors such as habitat, age, sex, seasonality, husbandry, breed, and socio-demographic factors influence CCHFV transmission is vital for understanding the dynamics of CCHFV transmission.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Seroepidemiology of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in Cattle across Three Livestock Pastoral Regions in Kenya

Blanco‐Penedo

Obanda

King’ori

et al. 2021

Dairy

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne zoonotic disease, endemic in Africa, with a high case fatality rate. There is no efficient treatment or licensed vaccine. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CCHFV in cattle in extensive grazing systems (both pastoralism and ranching) within the Maasai Mara ecosystem, Nanyuki, and the Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya. We conducted a seroepidemiological study of the sera of 148 cattle from 18 households from the three ecosystems in 2014, 2016, and 2019. Sera from 23 sheep and 17 goats were also obtained from the same households during the same period. Sera were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to CCHFV using the commercially available double-antigen ELISA kit. Overall, 31.5% CCHFV seropositivity was observed. The prevalence of CCHF was analyzed using a multiple logistic mixed model with main predictors. Risk factors associated with exposure to CCHFV were age (p = 0.000) and season (p = 0.007). Our findings suggest exposure to CCHFV and point to cattle as likely reservoirs of CCHFV in Kenya. The findings might play a role in providing better insights into disease risk and dynamics where analysis of tick populations in these regions should be further investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in Cattle across Three Livestock Pastoral Regions in Kenya

Blanco‐Penedo

Obanda

King’ori

et al. 2021

Dairy

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“…For instance, evidence of human infection (Dunster et al 2002) and the detection of the virus in Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus ticks are documented (Sang et al 2011, Chiuya et al 2020. Human seroprevalence studies (Lwande et al 2012, Tigoi et al 2015 provide evidence that the circulation of CCHFV occurs in a wider geographical area in Kenya (Nyataya et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Livestock Presence Influences the Seroprevalence of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus on Sympatric Wildlife in Kenya

Obanda

Agwanda

Blanco‐Penedo

et al. 2021

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is an emerging tick-borne zoonotic viral disease with the potential of causing public health emergencies. However, less is known about the role of wildlife and livestock in spreading the virus. Therefore, we aimed to assess how the interactions between African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and cattle may influence the seroprevalence of CCHF across livestock-wildlife management systems in Kenya. The study included archived sera samples from buffalo and cattle from wildlife only habitats (Lake Nakuru National Park and Solio conservancy), open wildlife-livestock integrated habitats (Maasai Mara ecosystem and Meru National Park), and closed wildlife-livestock habitats (Ol Pejeta Conservancy) in Kenya. We analyzed 191 buffalo and 139 cattle sera using IDvet multispecies, double-antigen IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The seroprevalence toward Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) was significantly higher for buffalo compared to cattle (75.3% and 28.1%, respectively, p < 0.001). We obtained the highest seroprevalence among buffalo of 92.1% in closed wildlife only systems compared to 28.8% and 46.1% prevalence in closed-integrated and open-integrated systems, respectively. The regression coefficients were all negative for cattle compared to buffalo in both closed-integrated and open-integrated compared to wildlife only system. Our results show that CCHFV circulates among the diverse animal community in Kenya in spatially disconnected foci. The habitat overlap between cattle and buffalo makes cattle a ''bridge species'' or superspreader host for CCHFV and increases transmission risks to humans. The effect of animal management system on prevalence is depended on tick control on the cattle and not the animal per se. We conclude that buffalo, a host with a longer life span than livestock, is a reservoir and may serve as a sentinel population for longitudinal surveillance of CCHFV.

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“…The survey was conducted in different locations within Baringo (0.4695° N, 35.9833° E) and Kajiado (1.7617° S, 36.0255° E) counties from January 2020 to December 2021 as part of a larger project that aimed at understanding the transmission dynamics of arboviruses [ 51 , 52 ]. Both field sites are located in the Kenyan Rift Valley and are semi-arid ecologies mainly inhabited by nomadic pastoralist communities and a history of arbovirus circulation [ 16 , 49 , 50 , 53 , 54 , 55 ] ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ticks [ 49 ], which represent potential risk factors for CCHFV circulation. Furthermore, several serosurveys have revealed CCHFV seroprevalence rates of 14–35% in febrile patients from different geographical areas in Kenya [ 15 , 16 , 50 ]. Only a few studies have monitored CCHFV infection rates in livestock and wildlife in Kenya [ 29 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Dynamics of Crimean–Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV): Evidence of Circulation in Humans, Livestock, and Rodents in Diverse Ecologies in Kenya

Omoga,

Tchouassi,

Venter

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is the causative agent of CCHF, a fatal viral haemorrhagic fever disease in humans. The maintenance of CCHFV in the ecosystem remains poorly understood. Certain tick species are considered as vectors and reservoirs of the virus. Diverse animals are suspected as amplifiers, with only scarce knowledge regarding rodents in virus epidemiology. In this study, serum samples from febrile patients, asymptomatic livestock (cattle, donkeys, sheep, and goats), and peridomestic rodents from Baringo (Marigat) and Kajiado (Nguruman) counties within the Kenyan Rift Valley were screened for acute CCHFV infection by RT-PCR and for CCHFV exposure by ELISA. RT-PCR was performed on all livestock samples in pools (5–7/pool by species and site) and in humans and rodents individually. CCHFV seropositivity was significantly higher in livestock (11.9%, 113/951) compared to rodents (6.5%, 6/93) and humans (5.9%, 29/493) (p = 0.001). Among the livestock, seropositivity was the highest in donkeys (31.4%, 16/51), followed by cattle (14.1%, 44/310), sheep (9.8%, 29/295) and goats (8.1%, 24/295). The presence of IgM antibodies against CCHFV was found in febrile patients suggesting acute or recent infection. CCHFV RNA was detected in four pooled sera samples from sheep (1.4%, 4/280) and four rodent tissues (0.83%, 4/480) showing up to 99% pairwise nucleotide identities among each other. Phylogenetic analyses of partial S segment sequences generated from these samples revealed a close relationship of 96–98% nucleotide identity to strains in the CCHFV Africa 3 lineage. The findings of this study suggest active unnoticed circulation of CCHFV in the study area and the involvement of livestock, rodents, and humans in the circulation of CCHFV in Kenya. The detection of CCHF viral RNA and antibodies against CCHFV in rodents suggests that they may participate in the viral transmission cycle.

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Serological Evidence of Yersiniosis, Tick-Borne Encephalitis, West Nile, Hepatitis E, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Lyme Borreliosis, and Brucellosis in Febrile Patients Presenting at Diverse Hospitals in Kenya

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

Seroepidemiology of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in Cattle across Three Livestock Pastoral Regions in Kenya

Seroepidemiology of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in Cattle across Three Livestock Pastoral Regions in Kenya

Livestock Presence Influences the Seroprevalence of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus on Sympatric Wildlife in Kenya

Transmission Dynamics of Crimean–Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV): Evidence of Circulation in Humans, Livestock, and Rodents in Diverse Ecologies in Kenya

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