Serological evidence of Rift Valley fever in domestic ruminants in Tunisia underlines the need for effective surveillance

Hellal, Jihene; Mejri, Selma; Lacôte, Sandra; Sghaier, Soufien; Dkhil, Abderrazek; Arsevska, Elena; Calavas, Didier; Hénaux, Viviane; Marianneau, Philippe; Hammami, Salah

doi:10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i3.1

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…According to the literature, RVF cases have been described in Tunisia since 2014 (Bosworth et al, 2016) and since that year more and more positive cases have been reported (Selmi et al, 2020;Hellal et al, 2021;Kalthoum et al, 2021;Zouaghi et al, 2021) (Figure 1). The relatively recent detection of RVF seropositive cases could be explained by the improved sensitivity and specificity of used diagnostic tests, or by a recent introduction of the virus in the country.…”

Section: Past and Current Situationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with many other arboviruses, some changes have been observed in the epidemiology of RVFV; Evidence of disease introduction into new regions such as Iran, Turkey, Algeria and Tunisia, has been reported (Fakour et al, 2017;Gur et al, 2017;Nardo et al, 2014;Bosworth et al, 2016;Selmi et al, 2020;Hellal et al, 2021). Also, the occurrence of RVF epidemics has been more frequently reported (Nielsen et al, 2020b).…”

Section: Geographic Distribution Of Rift Valley Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Algeria (in the Sahrawi refugee camps) seropositive animals have been reported (Di Nardo et al, 2014). In Tunisia and in Turkey, seropositive cases were observed in ruminants and in humans (Bosworth et al, 2016;Hellal et al, 2021;Selmi et al, 2020;Gur et al, 2017). More recently, in the early 2020s the Libyan veterinary authorities notified the World Organisation for Animal Health of an RVF outbreak that started in December 2019 in the south-east of the country.…”

Section: Rift Valley Fever In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only study reporting positive ELISA results confirmed by the VNT technique is that of Hellal et al (2021). It was carried out on the largest sample ever in Tunisia for RVF screening.…”

Section: Past and Current Situationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fièvre de la vallée du Rift en Tunisie : Synthèse sur la situation actuelle et perspectives

Mejri

2023

Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop.

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La fièvre de la vallée du Rift (FVR) est une infection zoonotique émergente infectant les humains et les ruminants. L’agent étiologique de cette infection est le virus de la FVR, un arbovirus transmis principalement par les piqûres de moustiques des genres Aedes et Culex. Durant les deux dernières décennies, des cas de FVR ont été rapportés dans des régions jusque-là indemnes et les épidémies sont devenues de plus en plus fréquentes. De par sa localisation stratégique dans le bassin méditerranéen, la Tunisie a de nombreux échanges avec les autres pays africains ainsi qu’avec l’Europe. L’analyse de la situation épidémiologique de la FVR dans ce pays pourrait aider à comprendre la situation globale de cette infection dans la région méditerranéenne et à élaborer des stratégies efficaces de surveillance à mettre en œuvre dans la région. Dans ce cadre et afin d’étudier l’état des lieux de la FVR en Tunisie, cette synthèse présente une analyse à partir de tous les articles scientifiques traitant de ce sujet dans le pays. La Tunisie est considérée comme à haut risque de propagation de la FVR en raison de sa localisation, de ses caractéristiques climatiques et environnementales, de l’abondance des vecteurs transmettant le virus de la FVR, et de la présence d’espèces animales à risque pour cette maladie. Ainsi, des mesures strictes doivent être prises afin de contrôler et de limiter toute émergence et propagation de la FVR. De telles mesures doivent inclure le contrôle des mouvements des animaux (particulièrement aux frontières), le contrôle des espèces vectrices du virus, et le perfectionnement des outils de diagnostic pour la détection précoce de tout cas suspect. L’implémentation d’une approche « Une seule santé » multidisciplinaire serait l’une des meilleures solutions pour faire face aux maladies zoonotiques à transmission vectorielle comme la FVR.

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Section: Past and Current Situationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geographic Distribution Of Rift Valley Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rift Valley Fever In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only study reporting positive ELISA results confirmed by the VNT technique is that of Hellal et al (2021). It was carried out on the largest sample ever in Tunisia for RVF screening.…”

Section: Past and Current Situationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fièvre de la vallée du Rift en Tunisie : Synthèse sur la situation actuelle et perspectives

Mejri

2023

Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop.

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“…Illegal animal movements have been incriminated in the emergence of RVF in Libya, in southern Cyrenaica in 2019 [ 15 ]; the disease was then reported in the Fezzan region in 2020 and on the Mediterranean coast of Tripolitania in 2021 [ 16 ]. Moreover, serological evidence of RVF in ruminants has been found in western regions of the Sahara [ 17 ] and in Tunisia [ 18 , 19 , 20 ], where competent mosquito vectors are present [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. This may suggest past or current RVFV circulation in these regions, or indicate that animals may have been introduced there after being infected in endemic areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector Competence of Mediterranean Mosquitoes for Rift Valley Fever Virus: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease caused by a virus mainly transmitted by Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. Infection leads to high abortion rates and considerable mortality in domestic livestock. The combination of viral circulation in Egypt and Libya and the existence of unregulated live animal trade routes through endemic areas raise concerns that the virus may spread to other Mediterranean countries, where there are mosquitoes potentially competent for RVF virus (RVFV) transmission. The competence of vectors for a given pathogen can be assessed through laboratory experiments, but results may vary greatly with the study design. This research aims to quantify the competence of five major potential RVFV vectors in the Mediterranean Basin, namely Aedes detritus, Ae. caspius, Ae. vexans, Culex pipiens and Cx. theileri, through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. We first computed the infection rate, the dissemination rate among infected mosquitoes, the overall dissemination rate, the transmission rate among mosquitoes with a disseminated infection and the overall transmission rate for these five mosquito species. We next assessed the influence of laboratory study designs on the variability of these five parameters. According to experimental results and our analysis, Aedes caspius may be the most competent vector among the five species considered.

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Rift Valley fever virus: Movement of infected humans threatens global public health and agriculture

2022

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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute disease of ungulate livestock and wildlife as well as humans caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), which can be transmitted by arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes as well as by direct contact with infected tissues. Outbreaks of this virus may lead to widespread mortality and morbidity in susceptible ungulates and humans, with pronounced economic and agricultural impacts. Humans infected with RVFV can develop extremely high viremias capable of infecting vectors such as mosquitoes. Critically, RVFV has potential for globalization resulting from the movement of infected humans into non-endemic regions containing populations of potentially competent mosquito vectors and susceptible livestock and wildlife hosts that include the US, Asia, and parts of southern Europe. In this review, we explore scenarios of escape of RVFV from its endemic range that could be caused by the movement of infected humans. The risks of globalization of the RVFV pathogen into Europe, Asia, and the Americas is high and increasing each year because of climate change, redistribution and expanding ranges of vector and host species, lack of an approved human vaccine, insecticide resistance, and international travel and commerce. We discuss approaches that could be used to mitigate these avenues of spread that include surveillance targeted by environmental modeling coupled with decisive vector control.

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Serological evidence of Rift Valley fever in domestic ruminants in Tunisia underlines the need for effective surveillance

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Fièvre de la vallée du Rift en Tunisie : Synthèse sur la situation actuelle et perspectives

Fièvre de la vallée du Rift en Tunisie : Synthèse sur la situation actuelle et perspectives

Vector Competence of Mediterranean Mosquitoes for Rift Valley Fever Virus: A Meta-Analysis

Rift Valley fever virus: Movement of infected humans threatens global public health and agriculture

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