Serological evidence of H3N2 canine influenza virus infection among horses with dog exposure

Zhou, Pei; Luo, Anin; Xiao, Xiangyu; Hu, Xue; Shen, Dan; Li, Jiarong; Wu, Xushun; Xian, Xintong; Cong, Wei; Fu, Cheng; Zhang, Guihong; Sun, Li; Li, Shoujun

doi:10.1111/tbed.13104

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In addition, H5N1 remains a strain of concern, having been previously isolated from donkeys during an outbreak [101]. Finally, an immune response to canine H3N2 was previously identified in horses through serology, demonstrating that it may also have the ability to jump species [102].…”

Section: Epidemiology Including Factors Contributing To Local Nationa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Equine Influenza from a Human Influenza Perspective

Whitlock

Murcia

Newton

2022

Viruses

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Influenza A viruses (IAVs) have a main natural reservoir in wild birds. IAVs are highly contagious, continually evolve, and have a wide host range that includes various mammalian species including horses, pigs, and humans. Furthering our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and cross-species transmissions is therefore essential. This review focuses on what is known regarding equine influenza virus (EIV) virology, pathogenesis, immune responses, clinical aspects, epidemiology (including factors contributing to local, national, and international transmission), surveillance, and preventive measures such as vaccines. We compare EIV and human influenza viruses and discuss parallels that can be drawn between them. We highlight differences in evolutionary rates between EIV and human IAVs, their impact on antigenic drift, and vaccine strain updates. We also describe the approaches used for the control of equine influenza (EI), which originated from those used in the human field, including surveillance networks and virological analysis methods. Finally, as vaccination in both species remains the cornerstone of disease mitigation, vaccine technologies and vaccination strategies against influenza in horses and humans are compared and discussed.

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Section: Epidemiology Including Factors Contributing To Local Nationa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Equine Influenza from a Human Influenza Perspective

Whitlock

Murcia

Newton

2022

Viruses

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“…Sporadic canine infections with the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 and the swine‐origin A (H1N1) pdm09 viruses have been reported 38,39 . In addition, a previous study showed serological epidemiological evidence of CIV H3N2 infection in horses with exposure to dogs 40 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…38,39 In addition, a previous study showed serological epidemiological evidence of CIV H3N2 infection in horses with exposure to dogs. 40 Fortunately, more and more researchers have noticed the potential threat of pets carrying influenza, and there are many studies focusing on the vaccine of canine influenza. 41,42 We hope that more people will pay attention to dog and cat influenza.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary dynamics of H3N2 canine and feline influenza virus strains from 2006 to 2019

Shen

Yang

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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H3N2 feline influenza virus (FIV) and canine influenza virus (CIV) are very common in cats and dogs. Due to the ability of the influenza virus to spread across hosts and frequent contact between pets and people, there exist huge public health problems. In this study, we collected H3N2 CIV and FIV genomes from 2006 to 2019 from NCBI and analyzed the evolutionary dynamics and molecular variation using a series of phylogenetic analysis methods. Results indicated that H3N2 FIVs were closely related to CIVs with high posterior probability and CIVs and FIVs have certain regional characteristics. However, compared with previous studies, the significance of geographical structure correlation decreased. Furthermore, we also found that the intrasubtypic reassortment between FIVs and CIVs were common during epidemics. The integrated analysis was also performed for different selection pressure acting on HA (566 codons), NA (469 codons), M1 (252 codons), and M2 (97 codons) proteins. One HA, two NA, three M1, and two M2 sites were found under positive selection. We subsequently performed the evolutionary dynamics of H3N2 CIV. The results indicated that the time of the most recent common ancestor of CIV H3N2 may have occurred earlier than indicated in a previous study. The Bayesian skyline plot analysis in this study showed the period of divergence of major H3N2 CIVs segments occurred between 2008 and 2010. Notably, according to our research, the PB1 has experienced two divergence periods (2006–2008 and 2009–2011).

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“…Cross-species transmission of H3N2 CIV into cats has occurred in Korea and US [74,75]. In a serosurvey of race horses in China, animals in several in riding clubs were positive for H3N2 CIV, with infection being strongly associated with exposure to dogs [76]. To date no natural human infections with either H3N8 or H3N2 CIV have been reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution and Epidemiology of H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus After 20 Years in Dogs

Wasik,

Damodaran,

Maltepes

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) emerged from an avian reservoir in Asia around 2004. As the virus has now been circulating entirely among dogs for 20 years, we here update our understanding of the evolution of virus in its new host. As a host-switched virus, H3N2 CIV will also reveal any host-adaptive changes arising during thousands of infections within its new host, and our analysis showed that the virus has evolved at a constant rate. CIV was first introduced into North America in 2015 from Korea, and we specifically examined the epidemiology of the virus among dogs in North America since then, including local outbreaks, regional die-outs, and repeated reintroduction from Asia. The H3N2 CIV now appears endemic only in China after dying out in South Korea around 2017. Virus lineages circulating in China appear to have seeded the most recent US outbreaks - with 2 or 3 introductions into North America during the past 3 years. Combining clinical reports, diagnostic testing data, and analysis of viral genomes we show that the virus spreads rapidly among dogs in kennels and shelters in different regions - likely dying out locally after all those animals become infected and immune. The overall epidemic therefore requires longer-distance dispersal of virus to initiate outbreaks in new locations. Patterns of spread in the USA may select viruses most adapted to those dense populations, which may lack the properties required for efficient long-distance transfers to other dog populations that would keep the virus in prolonged circulation.

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Serological evidence of H3N2 canine influenza virus infection among horses with dog exposure

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

A Review on Equine Influenza from a Human Influenza Perspective

A Review on Equine Influenza from a Human Influenza Perspective

Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary dynamics of H3N2 canine and feline influenza virus strains from 2006 to 2019

The Evolution and Epidemiology of H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus After 20 Years in Dogs

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