Serological evidence of Coxiella burnetii infection in dogs in a regional centre

Cooper, Alanna; Hedlefs, Robert; Ketheesan, Natkunam; Govan, Brenda

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00819.x

Cited by 36 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The present seroprevalence was higher than that reported in new states of Federal Republic of Germany (3%, n=1620) (Kramer, 1991), North Italy (0.87%, n=802) (Baldelli et al,1992), New Zealand (0%, n=12556) (Hilbink et al, 1993) and Canada (0%, n=447) (Marrie et al, 1985), but lower than reported seropositivity in Australia (11.4%, n=201) (Cooper et al, 2011), Southern Croatia (12%, n=51) (Punda-Polić et al, 1994), Japan (15%, n=632) (Htwe et al, 1992), Nigeria (29%, n=786) (Addo & Bale, 1981), Switzerland (31%, n=388) (Metzler et al, 1983) and California (66%, n=316) (Willeberg et al, 1980). Although there is no information about Q fever in dogs population in Iran, Asadi et al (2012) reported 19.5% and 27.2% seroprevalence of C. burnetii in sheep and goats respectively (Asadi et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

“…However, present research and some other previous reports showed that there was no correlation between seropositive cases and direct contact with farm animals (Gale et al, 2007;Tozer et al, 2014). It was hypothesised that other risk factors (except farm animals contact) like wildlife contact, tick exposure or pet-owners who worked closely with other farm animals would have a positive association with seropositivity to C. burnetii in the pets (Cooper et al, 2011). In present study, breed, type of housing, type of food and presence of clinical signs showed no significant differences between positive and negative cases.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

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Serological evidence of Coxiella burnetii infection among companion dogs in Fars Province, South Iran

Esmailnejad¹,

Hasiri²

2017

BJVM

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Coxiella burnetii is an important zoonosis at a global scale. The epidemiological role of dogs in transmission of Q fever has recently been demonstrated, but there is still a dearth of information on the subject. The aim of present study was to evaluate the occurrence and seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection among companion dogs population in Fars province, South Iran. Blood samples were collected from 181 asymptomatic dogs, mostly referred to Veterinary Hospital of Shiraz University for regular vaccination. The IgG antibody detection against C. burnetii was made by indirect Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), employing C. burnetii phase I and II antigens. A logistic regression model was developed to analyse multiple risk factors associated with seropositivity. Specific antibodies against C. burnetii were detected in 14 (7.7%) cases, 12 with S/P% of 20-50% and 2 with S/P% greater than 80%. Prevalence was significantly higher in adult dogs above 5 years (18.18 %; 2 out of 11) compared with dogs between 1 and 5 years (7.86 %; 7 out of 89) and less than 1 year (6.17%; 5 out of 81) (P=0.043). Prevalence was also higher in male dogs (11.21 %; 12 out of 107) than in female (2.7 %; 2 out of 74) (P=0.035). Breed, type of housing, type of food and exposure to other farm animals showed no significant differences between positive and negative cases (P>0.05). The results of this study showed the presence of C. burnetii infection among the companion dogs population in Iran, which could be a public health concern for humans. In areas like Iran, where human cases of Q fever are not common or remain unreported, the public health implications of Q fever seroprevalence in dogs are quite significant.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Serological evidence of Coxiella burnetii infection among companion dogs in Fars Province, South Iran

Esmailnejad¹,

Hasiri²

2017

BJVM

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“…burnetii phase I or II antibodies (Cooper et al, 2011). Twenty one point eight percent of dogs tested seropositive with the most common risk factor shown to be contact with wildlife.…”

Section: Coxiella Burnetiimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These may include common flu like symptoms such as fever, chills or sweats, fatigue, headache and muscle pain (Spelman, 1982 (McQuiston and Childs, 2002). It has been suggested that domestic pets may be a possible source of Q-fever for humans that were considered to be traditionally low risk populations (Cooper et al, 2011;Marrie et al, 1988). In Townsville, apparently healthy domestic dogs attending veterinary clinics were tested for the presence of anti-C.…”

Section: Coxiella Burnetiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, risk factors, and geographical distribution of zoonotic pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dogs

Harriott¹

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Established wildlife populations within peri-urban and urban environments provide an opportunity for the spread of zoonotic pathogens to and from human-associated environments. Wild dogs, including dingoes (Canis lupus dingo), feral domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), and their cross breeds (hybrids) are common across the Australian mainland, and hybrid populations are particularly frequent within peri-urban environments. Previous studies have shown that wild dogs carry zoonotic pathogens of public health significance, however, data relating to peri-urban wild dogs has been limited to a few studies with a small geographical range and / or small sample size.To address the potential public health implications of peri-urban wild dogs, information regarding pathogen diversity, prevalence, risk factors and geographical distribution are required.To investigate the diversity and prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in peri-urban wild dogs, a cross sectional survey was undertaken. Utilising council management programs and private trappers, 201 wild dogs were collected for necropsy. Analysis of faecal and blood samples indicated that helminth parasites were common, detected within 79.6  5.4 % of wild dogs tested, however bacterial pathogens were much less prevalent. Echinococcus granulosus was the most prevalent parasite detected by necropsy, (prevalence 50.7  6.9 %). Hookworms were found to comprise the second most common pathogen of zoonotic significance with an overall prevalence of 28.8% ( 7.1%).Molecular characterisation identified the majority as Ancylostoma caninum. Several pathogens of zoonotic interest were not detected during the study, namely Brucella suis and Neospora caninum.This study provided essential baseline data on the prevalence of pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dog populations in north-eastern Australia, which is required to inform the management of wild dogs in peri-urban areas.Characteristics of the most prevalent parasitic pathogens and their lifecycles suggested possible associations between the diet composition of wild dogs and their infection status. Whole stomachs were collected during necropsy and analysed for dietary composition and biomass. The majority of food items detected were mammalian prey species, most commonly: swamp wallaby (20.6  6.08%); canine species (prey) (10.6  4.62%); eastern grey kangaroo (10.0  4.51 %); and deer species (10.0  4.51%). Wild dogs that consumed swamp wallaby (OR 1.79, p<0.05) or unidentified species of macropods (OR 4.18, p<0.01) were found to be significantly more likely to be infected with E. granulosus than dogs who had consumed non-macropod species. Wild dogs that had consumed various bird (OR 7.80, p<0.01) or bandicoot species (OR 3.09, p<0.01) were found to be significantly more likely to be infected with hookworm compared to dogs that had consumed ii macropods. These findings suggest that diet composition is an important contributing factor to the infection status of wild dogs.To explore the geographical distribution of pathogens a...

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“…Although Q fever has rarely been reported in children younger than 15 years, it is likely that globally, the disease is under reported in this population 60 . This is largely due to the non-specific and varied clinical presentations that occur in children infected with Coxiella.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 91%

Epidemiology, diagnosis and prevention of Q fever in Queensland

Tozer¹

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Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of the zoonotic disease, Q fever. The disease Q fever is diagnosed globally, however Australia, and in particular Queensland, has the highest rates of notifications in the world.This study is the first comprehensive investigation of Q fever in Queensland, with a special focus on paediatric infections. At the time of commencement, very limited data were available on the incidence of Q fever in Queensland, the risk factors associated with infection, and the presentation of the disease in children.Analysis of 6,797 notified Queensland Q fever cases, confirmed the disease to be mainly confined to rural populations, yet there were a noteworthy number of cases reported from urban and non-rural communities. Alarmingly there were 235 notifications from children in Queensland. Globally, Q fever is considered to be under-reported and therefore a seroprevalence study was performed to truly assess the rate of exposure in the Queensland population.This seroprevalence study highlighted a wider exposure to the organism, with a substantial number of people being exposed from non-rural communities, along with an increased prevalence in children. Further investigations were performed to identify the sources of exposure, especially in "low risk" populations using PCR. This study identified a number of potential sources of infection to humans including domestic pets, flying foxes and dust.Q fever is an infectious disease presenting with a wide variety of symptoms which may obscure the clinician's diagnostic approach and treatment. This thesis investigated specific cases of Q fever in both children and adults where there were unusual presentations, including whole families infected, and a serve case in which the patient had complete organ failure. These cases showed the need for greater understanding and awareness of the disease and also demonstrated that indirect transmission of infection from a family member working in a high risk occupation, to other family members may occur.Prevention of Q fever in the population through vaccination is highly desirable. To ensure adequate vaccine coverage, genotypic characterisation of the Coxiella strains circulating in the population is necessary. This study determined the range of different genotypes ii detected, and found new, novel genotypes circulating in Queensland, as well as genotypes that were unique to Australia.

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Serological evidence of Coxiella burnetii infection in dogs in a regional centre

Cited by 36 publications

References 8 publications

Serological evidence of Coxiella burnetii infection among companion dogs in Fars Province, South Iran

Serological evidence of Coxiella burnetii infection among companion dogs in Fars Province, South Iran

Prevalence, risk factors, and geographical distribution of zoonotic pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dogs

Epidemiology, diagnosis and prevention of Q fever in Queensland

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