Serological evidence of Coxiella burnetii, Leptospira Hardjo, Neospora caninum and bovine pestivirus infections in a dairy cattle herd from the United Arab Emirates

Barigye, Robert; Hassan, Nabeeha Abdelgaleel D; AlQubaisi, Dhabia Mohamed Naser; Abdalla-Alfaki, Ibrahim Mohamed

doi:10.22541/au.158802261.12745135

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Veterinarians should be well informed that small droplets or aerosols of body fluids (with associated high risk for exposure to several agents that can be involved during parturition, for example, Brucella spp. and Coxiella burnetii transmission) can be released during both procedures and carry a risk for zoonotic diseases exposure through contact with splashes or droplets of the body fluids [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Disease Management and Infection Control Practices Among Veterinarians in the United Arab Emirates

Habib

Alshehhi

2021

Veterinary Sciences

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This study was conducted to assess zoonotic disease management and infection control practices (ICPs) among veterinarians in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A questionnaire was developed in SurveyMonkey, an online tool, and was distributed by email during February–May 2020 to 470 veterinarians practicing across the UAE. A total of 110 individuals completed the survey, giving a response rate of 23.4% (110/470). Results indicate that reported hand hygiene, sharps management, barrier or isolation practices, and personal choices for personal protective equipment (PPE) in common practice scenarios varied among practitioners. The majority (>75%) of veterinarians in all practice types reported always washing their hands before eating, drinking, or smoking at work. The survey revealed that 19% and 10% of large and small animal veterinarians indicated they sterilized and reused disposable needles. Veterinarians among all practices indicated high rates (75% to 80%) of recapping needles before disposal. When handling an animal suspected of having a zoonotic disease, most (90%) of small animal veterinarians reported always using practices such as isolating the animal and removing outwear before contact with other animals. However, only half (55%) of the large animal respondents reported always isolating the animal or sterilizing all equipment used on the animal of concern. Fewer than half of the large animal (35%) and mixed practice (44%) veterinarians indicated they would always be limiting human contact with the animal of concern. All of the small animal respondents reported full compliance with PPE while performing surgery and necropsy. Among large animal veterinarians, 44% reported not using respiratory or eye protection when aiding with parturition or handling conception products. Failure to use appropriate PPE when handling blood samples was the second most common noncompliant practice among large animal (39%) veterinarians and mixed practice (41%) respondents. Our study indicates a need for continuous education regarding ICPs in the veterinary community in the UAE. Better awareness of the risk of zoonotic disease exposure and options for managing this risk and liability issues could drive the adoption of infection control practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Disease Management and Infection Control Practices Among Veterinarians in the United Arab Emirates

Habib

Alshehhi

2021

Veterinary Sciences

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“…For example, two studies from Jordan reported a seroprevalence of 49.7% and 92.3% in cattle only by SSI [ 56 , 57 ]. Among studies from the United Arab Emirates, one showed a seroprevalence of 4.1% [ 58 ] in camels, and another showed a seroprevalence of 1.7% in cattle [ 59 ]. In Yemen, a seroprevalence of 41.3% [ 60 ] and 42% [ 61 ] by ELISA was reported in humans, and a seroprevalence of 6.7% by SSI was reported in camels in Saudi Arabia [ 62 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Leptospirosis: The First Literature Review of the Neglected Disease in the Middle East

et al. 2022

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Leptospirosis is a major zoonotic disease that has emerged worldwide, and numerous studies performed in affected countries have provided epidemiological knowledge of the disease. However, currently, there is inadequate knowledge of leptospirosis in the Middle East. Therefore, we grouped publications from various Middle Eastern countries to acquire a general knowledge of the epidemiological situation of leptospirosis and provide an initial description of the leptospiral relative risk and circulating serogroups. We conducted a detailed literature search of existing studies describing Leptospira prevalence and seroprevalence in Middle Eastern countries. The search was performed using online PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. One hundred and one articles were included in this review. Some countries, including Iran, Turkey, and Egypt, reported more publications compared to others, such as Lebanon, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia. Frequently, the seroprevalence of leptospirosis varied considerably between and within countries. The prevalence of leptospirosis was comparable in most Middle Eastern countries; however, it varied between some countries. The methods of detection also varied among studies, with the microscopic agglutination test used most commonly. Some hosts were more recurrent compared with others. This review summarizes the epidemiological situation of Leptospira infection in the Middle East, reporting predominant serogroups—Sejroe, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Autumnalis, and Pomona—that were identified in the most commonly tested hosts. Our findings emphasize the need to develop a deeper understanding of the epidemiology of Leptospira spp. and prioritize the disease as a public health problem in this region. To achieve this goal, increased awareness is critical, and more publications related to the topic and following a standardized approach are needed.

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“…In the Middle East, the prevalence of BVDV-PI animals was 1.5% and 0.8% in Egypt and Iraq, respectively. Based on AC-ELISA, the prevalence of BVDV was approximately 6% in Egypt and Iraq, while it was approximately 0.3% in the United Arab Emirates ( 20 – 23 ). Molecular BVDV surveillance based on RT-PCR revealed that ~7.5% and 10% to 14% of the tested animal populations in Egypt and Iraq, respectively, were BVDV-positive ( 20 – 22 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal study of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a semi-closed management dairy cattle herd, 2020–2022

Al-Mubarak,

Al-Kubati,

Skeikh

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionBovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) brings great economic loss to the cattle industry worldwide. Developing a control/prevention strategy requires the prior assessment of certain epidemiological parameters. To determine the BVD incidence rate and associated risk factors, a dairy cattle herd in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia was monitored between 2020 and 2022.MethodsNasal swabs (n = 190), rectal swabs (n = 190), and sera (n = 190) were collected from 79 cows in this herd. Collected sera and swabs were tested using the commercially available ELISAs for the BVDV antibodies and antigens, respectively. Collected sera were also tested for the presence of BVDV nucleic acids using commercial real-time RT-PCR kits.Results and discussionOur data show BVDV seroprevalence (18.8%, 15%, and 8.2%) in the tested animals in 2020–2022, respectively. None of the collected nasal swabs, rectal swabs, or sera tested positive for the BVDV antigen, whereas 10.1%, 10%, and 18.1% of the tested sera were positive for BVDV nucleic acid in 2020–2022, respectively. The incidence rate was estimated at 0.02446 new cases/year despite the detection of BVDV in seronegative animals on single or two occasions at ≥6-month intervals. Young calves and bulls remained apparently unexposed to BVDV despite their presence with BVDV-infected females, with no significant physical separation. Both seropositivity and nucleic acid detectability showed significant positive and negative correlations, respectively, with reproductive performance. Collectively, the present study provides useful clues about the transmissibility of BVDV in the presence of possibly persistently infected animals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study of BVDV in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. Further detailed characterization of the circulating BVDVs is encouraged.

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Serological evidence of Coxiella burnetii, Leptospira Hardjo, Neospora caninum and bovine pestivirus infections in a dairy cattle herd from the United Arab Emirates

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Zoonotic Disease Management and Infection Control Practices Among Veterinarians in the United Arab Emirates

Zoonotic Disease Management and Infection Control Practices Among Veterinarians in the United Arab Emirates

Epidemiology of Leptospirosis: The First Literature Review of the Neglected Disease in the Middle East

A longitudinal study of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a semi-closed management dairy cattle herd, 2020–2022

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