Serological evidence of acute rubella infection among under-fives in Mwanza: a threat to increasing rates of congenital rubella syndrome in Tanzania

Mirambo, Mariam M.; Aboud, Said; Mushi, Martha F.; Seugendo, Mwanaisha; Majigo, Mtebe; Groß, Uwe; Mshana, Stephen E.

doi:10.1186/s13052-016-0264-5

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The seroprevalence of CMV (89.66%) presented in this study is similar to a study done by Neirukh et al in Palestine which is 88% and Nahla et al in Sudan showd 94.3% seropositivity 11,7 . In this study IgM/IgG seropositivity against Rubella was 86.21%, is similar to a study done by Nazme 14,10 . Nazme et al from Dhaka Shishu hospital reported 28% children were seropositive for rubella IgM among suspected congenital rubella syndrome cases 6 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Seroprevalence of TORCH Infections in Children

Biswas

Badruddoza

Sultana

2018

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J

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Background : The acronym “TORCH” was introduced to highlight a group of pathogens that cause a congenital and perinatal infections: Toxoplasma gondi, rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). These pathogens are often associated with congenital anomalies. Congenital malformations have a direct impact on the family. This study was undertaken to detect the serological evidence of TORCH infections in children, by establishing the presence of specific IgM antibodies. Methods: During the period 1st June 2016 to 30th May 2017, 58 suspected TORCH infection cases were included from Paediatrics Department of CMOSH for TORCH antibody detection. The children were in the age of 0 day to 1 year with an average age of 3.3±2.59 months. The serum samples were tested forIgM and IgG antibodies against TORCH agents by using enzyme linked immunoassay method (ELISA). Results: Among the 58 children, seropositivity was found in 55 (94.82%) cases. Of the 55 seropositive cases serological evidence for combination of IgM and IgG with any one of the TORCH agents was detected in 25 (43.10%) and IgG alone was detected in 30 (51.72%) children. IgM/IgG antibody positivity to Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV and HSV was 21(36.21%), 50(86.21%), 52(89.66%) and 8(13.79%) respectively. IgM anti-CMV were observed in highest number of cases 19(32.76%), followed by IgM anti-rubella 7(12.07%). IgM against HSV and Toxoplasma were found in equal number of cases, 3(5.17%) each. Conclusions: Awareness amongst clinicians and mothers about TORCH infections and their consequences should be developed. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.17 (1); Jan 2018; Page 13-16

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Seroprevalence of TORCH Infections in Children

Biswas

Badruddoza

Sultana

2018

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J

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“…Age group, sex, and province were associated with rubella susceptibility in unadjusted analyses but only province of residence and age group remained associated with rubella susceptibility in multivariable analysis. Several studies in Sub-Saharan Africa have described the predominance of rubella infections in children [22][23][24][25] and a recent analysis of rash-based surveillance data in South Africa revealed similar results. 26 Rubella infections occurring in childhood result in most individuals being immune by the time they are adolescents or adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…[10][11][12][13]27 This could be due to the nature of contacts between younger individuals that favor transmission of infections such as rubella when compared to contacts between older individuals. 28 Increased susceptibility to rubella among younger individuals coupled with evidence of increased rubella incidence in this age group [22][23][24]26 justifies targeting children below 15 y old 29 for mass vaccination during RCV introduction rather than just infants in routine immunization activities. Following rubella vaccine introduction into the routine EPI schedule, the average age of infection is likely to increase and a similar study will be required in future to assess population immunity and adapt vaccination strategies to minimize the risk of CRS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubella seroprevalence using residual samples from the South African measles surveillance program: a cross-sectional analytic study

Motaze

Makhathini

Smit

et al. 2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Introduction: South Africa is yet to introduce rubella-containing vaccines (RCV) into its routine immunization schedule. Selecting the target population when introducing RCV should take into account the ages of susceptible individuals in the population. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to rubella and characterize immunity gaps among individuals of all ages in South Africa. Methods: We tested for rubella immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We used residual samples collected from 2016 through 2018 as part of the national measles surveillance program. We only tested samples that were negative for measles and rubella immunoglobulin M (IgM) and explored the association between rubella susceptibility (IgG negative) and predictor variables (year of sample collection, age, sex, and province of residence) using logistic regression analysis. Results: We obtained results for 6057 records. Rubella susceptibility was highest among Individuals aged zero to 11 months (81.9%), followed by children 1 to 5 years old (71.5%), 6 to 10 y old (40.9%) and 11 to 15 y old (31.25) while the smallest proportion of susceptible individuals was among those 16 to 49 y old (19.9%). Females were less likely to be susceptible to rubella compared to males (OR = 0.79 (95%CI: 0.71-0.87), P < .001) in unadjusted analysis but this effect was not observed after adjusting for age and province. In multivariable logistic regression, age (OR = 6.24 (4.52-8.63), P < .001) and province of residence (OR = 0.97 (95%CI: 0.95-0.99), P = .01) were associated with rubella susceptibility. Conclusion: In the absence of rubella vaccination in the Expanded Program on Immunization in South Africa, the bulk of individuals susceptible to rubella are children under 16 y old. About 20% of individuals 16 to 49 y old are susceptible to rubella. This susceptibility gap must be born in mind during RCV introduction.

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“…It is crucial to screen for other causes of congenital anomalies during the diagnosis of potential ZIKV cases, particularly in developing countries where these infections are most prevalent. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] The majority of the articles in this review included well-studied cases highlighting the widely varying patterns of congenital ZIKV presentation. As has been done for the 37 there is a need to establish a pathognomonic features list and case definitions for congenital ZIKV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Zika Virus Infection Paradigm: What is in the Wardrobe? A Narrative Review

Mirambo

Matemba

Majigo

et al. 2019

EASci

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Background: Zika virus infection during pregnancy has been recently associated with congenital microcephaly and other severe neural tube defects. However, the magnitude of confirmed cases and the scope of these anomalies have not been extensively documented. This review focuses on the magnitude of laboratory-confirmed congenital Zika virus cases among probable cases and describing the patterns of congenital anomalies allegedly caused by the Zika virus, information which will inform further research in this area. Methods: We conducted a literature search for English-language articles about congenital Zika virus infection using online electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, POPLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge). The search terms used were, “zika”, “pregnancy”, [year], “microcephaly”, “infants”, “children”, “neonates”, “foetuses”, “neural tube defect”, and “CNS manifestations” in different combinations. All articles reporting cases or case series between January 2015 and December 2016 were included. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel database and analysed to obtain proportions of the confirmed cases and patterns of anomalies. Results: A total of 24 articles (11 case series, 9 case reports, and 4 others) were found to be eligible and included in this review. These articles reported 919 cases, with or without microcephaly, presumed to have congenital Zika virus infection. Of these cases, 884 (96.2%) had microcephaly. Of the 884 cases of microcephaly, 783 (88.6%) were tested for Zika virus infection, and 216 (27.6%; 95% confidence interval, 24.5% to 30.8%) were confirmed to be Zika virus-positive. In addition to microcephaly, other common abnormalities reported – out of 442 cases investigated – were calcifications of brain tissue (n=240, 54.3%), ventriculomegaly (n=93, 20.8%), cerebellar hypoplasia (n=52, 11.7%), and ocular manifestations (n=46, 10.4%). Conclusion: Based on the available literature, Zika virus infection during pregnancy might lead to a wide array of outcomes other than microcephaly. There is a need for more epidemiological studies in Zika-endemic areas, particularly in Africa, to ascertain the role of Zika virus in causing congenital neurological defects.

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Serological evidence of acute rubella infection among under-fives in Mwanza: a threat to increasing rates of congenital rubella syndrome in Tanzania

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Seroprevalence of TORCH Infections in Children

Seroprevalence of TORCH Infections in Children

Rubella seroprevalence using residual samples from the South African measles surveillance program: a cross-sectional analytic study

Congenital Zika Virus Infection Paradigm: What is in the Wardrobe? A Narrative Review

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