Serological evidence for the transmission of Getah virus in Hong Kong

Shortridge, K. F.; Mason, David R.; Watkins, K. L.; Aaskov, J. G.

doi:10.1136/vr.134.20.527

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…GETV has been shown to be distributed widely in the Asiatic, Australia, and Eurasian regions since the prototype GETV strain (MM2021) was first isolated from mosquitoes in Malaysia in 1955 (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Sero-epizootiologic investigations showed that the virus is present in pigs, horses, goats, cattle, boars, and other animals including humans (9,(11)(12)(13)(14), suggesting that the host range of the virus has expanded broadly. GETV infections can cause fever, rashes, and edema of the hindlegs in horses (15), fetal death and reproductive disorders in pigs (16) as well as fever, TABLE 1 | Detailed information on the GETV strains in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Getah Virus Isolated in Southern China

Ren

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Getah virus (GETV) has caused many outbreaks in animals in recent years. Monitoring of the virus and its related diseases is crucial to control the transmission of the virus. In the summer of 2018, we conducted routine tests on clinical samples from different pig farms in Guangxi province, South China, and isolated and characterized a GETV strain, named GX201808. Cytopathic effects were observed in BHK-21 cells inoculated with GX201808. The expression of E2 protein of GETV could be detected in virus-infected cells by indirect immunofluorescence assays. Electron microscopic analysis showed that the virus particles were spherical and ~70 nm in diameter with featured surface fibers. The multistep growth curves showed the virus propagated well in the BHK-21 cells. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that GX201808 belongs to Group 3, represented by Kochi-01-2005 isolated in Japan in 2005, and it clustered closely with the recently reported Chinese strains isolated from pigs, cattle, and foxes. A comparison of the identities of nucleotides and amino acids in the coding regions demonstrated that the GX201808 showed the highest amino acid identity (99.6%) with the HuN1 strain, a highly pathogenic isolate resulting in an outbreak of GETV infection in swine herds in Hunan province in 2017. In the present study, GETV was identified and isolated for the first time in Guangxi province of southern China, suggesting that future surveillance of this virus should be strengthened.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Getah Virus Isolated in Southern China

Ren

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…The positive rate of these four regions ranged from 50.6 to 60.2% ( Figure 6 ), but there was no significant difference among regions ( p > 0.05). In comparison to other regions, the positive rate of GETV in horse in Xinjiang was higher than 25% in Hainan ( Li et al, 1992 ), 24% in Hong Kong ( Shortridge et al, 1994 ), and 17% in India ( Brown and Timoney, 1998 ), but less than 93% in Japan after GETV became popular ( Imagawa et al, 1981 ). Moreover, the GMT value of neutralizing antibody in 334 positive horse serum samples was calculated to be 1:135.8, combined with a high positive rate, speculating that GETV infection may be prevalent in horse populations in Xinjiang, which was similar to a previous study on the positive rate of GETV in Xinjiang from 2017 to 2020 ( Shi et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Besides, Horses infected with GETV show symptoms such as fever, hind limb edema, swollen submandibular lymph node and urticaria in multiple areas of the body. Seroepidemiological studies of GETV disease showed that the positivity rate of GETV antibody in horses was 17% in India ( Brown and Timoney, 1998 ), 39% in Korea ( Heo et al, 1987 ), and 24% in Hong Kong ( Shortridge et al, 1994 ). In Japan, the infection rate in horses increased dramatically from 7.5 to 93% after GETV epidemic and that of wild boar was 47.8% ( Imagawa et al, 1981 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of an indirect ELISA for detecting equine IgG antibodies against Getah virus with recombinant E2 domain protein

Qiu

Cao²,

Shi³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Getah virus (GETV) disease is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that causes fever, aseptic meningitis, and abortion in a variety of animals. Currently, the epidemic trend of GETV disease increases seriously worldwide, especially in China, posing a potential threat to animal safety and public health. However, there are few reports about the epidemiological investigation of GETV disease in China as well as a lack of commercial diagnostic kit for GETV antibody. Therefore, the establishment of a rapid, sensitive and suitable GETV antibody detection method for large-scale samples is an urgent request to fully understand the prevalence of GETV disease. Here, a recombinant plasmid pET22b-GETV-E2d that contained the domain of GETV-E2 (E2d) fused to His-tag was constructed to express recombinant protein E2d (rE2d) in Escherichia coli. The rE2d was mainly expressed in inclusion bodies. And it was purified successfully by nickel affinity column so that it could be used to develop an indirect ELISA (rE2d-ELISA). After optimizing reaction conditions of rE2d-ELISA, the cut-off value was determined as 0.396 with 100 equine sera tested by virus neutralization test (VNT). Furthermore, rE2d-ELISA method showed the positive rate of IgG antibodies against GETV was 54.3% based on testing 646 clinical serum samples obtained in Xinjiang whereas the overall coincidence rate between rE2d-ELISA and VNT was 94.0%, with 98.2% sensitivity and 92.6% specificity. The findings suggest that the developed IgG ELISA employing recombinant E2d promises was an efficient and low-cost type of antibody detection method for horse, which will benefit for prevention of GETV outbreaks in horses.

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“…In other countries, rates of seropositivity for GETV in horses have been reported to be 17% in India and 25% in Hong Kong (20,21). In Korea, the first serosurveillance study of GETV was performed in 1987 from a total of 464 Thoroughbred racehorses (22).…”

Section: Getah Virus (Getv) Is a Member Of The Genusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of Indirect ELISA for Detection of Antibodies to Getah Virus in Horse Serum

et al. 2016

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Getah virus (GETV) is a member of the genus Alphavirus in the family Togaviridae. GETV infection can occur in a wide range of vertebrate species, and the virus has been known for a pathogen of horses and pigs. To rapidly and accurately diagnose GETV infection of a racehorse, an indirect ELISA (I-ELISA) was developed in the present study for detection of antibodies to GETV in serum samples. To evaluate the developed I-ELISA, a total of 240 serum samples from Thoroughbred racehorses raised in Korea were screened in parallel by a serum neutralization (SN) test. The developed I-ELISA exhibited an efficacy comparable to that of the SN test in terms of a high diagnostic sensitivity (86.3%) and specificity (94.5%) at a cut-off absorbance value of 0.25. In addition, our results showed that the developed I-ELISA had a significant correlation with the SN test (r = 0.91; p < 0.05). Taken together, our findings suggest that the I-ELISA developed in this study is a valuable diagnostic tool for the screening of horses suspected to be infected with GETV.

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Serological evidence for the transmission of Getah virus in Hong Kong

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Emergence and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Getah Virus Isolated in Southern China

Emergence and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Getah Virus Isolated in Southern China

Development and application of an indirect ELISA for detecting equine IgG antibodies against Getah virus with recombinant E2 domain protein

Development and Evaluation of Indirect ELISA for Detection of Antibodies to Getah Virus in Horse Serum

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