Serological detection of St. Louis encephalitis virus and West Nile virus in equines from Santa Fe, Argentina

Serological detection of West Nile virus in horses and chicken from Pantanal, Brazil

“…The rate of detection of WNV seroprevalence (8%) among the horses in our study is similar to the values reported for horses in other studies within South America, such as Colombia with a prevalence of 9% (Mattar et al 2005) and 5% (Mattar et al 2011), Venezuela 4% (Bosch (Tauro et al 2012).…”

Serological evidence for Saint Louis encephalitis virus in free-ranging New World monkeys and horses within the upper Paraná River basin region, Southern Brazil

“…The classical HI and MNT methodologies used during this investigation are based on the conventional serologic diagnosis of fl avivirus due to the presence of virus-specifi c antibodies in the serum. Similar serological strategies have been used to detect SLEV in primates 23 , white-tailed deer 19,29 , livestock 11 , mules 19 , and horses 8,10,11,17,18 . The importance of these results lies primarily in the observation of SLEV circulation in a completely new habitat within Brazil, considering that most cases of SLEV have been described within the Amazon region 4,[20][21][22] .…”

“…SLEV may have initially originated in Central America 5 , but it has now disseminated throughout the Americas, with reports of its presence in the USA 6,7 , Canada 7 , Argentina 8,9 , Uruguay 10 , and Trinidad…”

“…In Argentina, SLEV studies have focused primarily on populations of mosquitoes 34,35 , humans 36 , and horses 8 , but the importance of monkeys in the sylvatic SLEV cycle has not been investigated. However, during this study, serological results confi rmed the participation of nonhuman primates in the maintenance cycle of SLEV in southern Brazil.…”

Monoclonal antibody against Saint Louis encephalitis prM viral protein

“…Since its original discovery in the St Louis region of North America, SLEV has been associated with more than 50 outbreaks or epidemics throughout North America (Kopp et al, 2013). Additional epidemics have been recorded in South America since 1960, mainly in Argentina and Brazil (Tauro et al, 2012;Pauvolid-Corrêa et al, 2010;Díaz et al, 2005) and other countries (Burgueño et al, 2013), including the recent isolation of genotype V, sub genotype A of SLEV from a person in Peru (Felices et al, 2014). Also, SLEV infections have been reported in humans and horses in the Caribbean (Pupo et al, 2006;Thompson et al, 2012).…”