Serological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first wave of the pandemic in Louisville Kentucky

Hamorsky, Krystal Teasley; Bushau-Sprinkle, Adrienne M.; Kitterman, Kathleen; Corman, Julia M; DeMarco, Jennifer K; Keith, Rachel J.; Bhatnagar, Aruni; Fuqua, Joshua L; Lasnik, Amanda B.; Joh, Joongho; Chung, Donghoon; Klein, Jon; Flynn, Joseph M.; Gardner, Marti; Barve, Shirish; Ghare, Smita; Palmer, Kenneth E.

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97423-z

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…Full methodological details for the serological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection from this study have been recently published. 14 We used the antibody results from serological positivity for nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G (N-IgG) to identify participants with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccinated respondents should not be positive for N-IgG because the current COVID-19 vaccines used in the studied areas rely only on the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein as an immunogen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Awareness of and Support for the Use of Wastewater for SARS-CoV-2 Monitoring: A Community Survey in Louisville, Kentucky

et al. 2022

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The majority of sewer systems in the United States and other countries are operated by public utilities. In the absence of any regulation, the public perception of wastewater monitoring for population health biomarkers is an important consideration for a public utility commission when allocating resources for this purpose. We conducted a survey in August 2021 as part of an ongoing COVID-19 community prevalence study in Louisville/Jefferson County, KY, US. The survey comprised seven questions about wastewater awareness and privacy concerns and was sent to approximately 35 000 households randomly distributed within the county. A total of 1220 adults were involved in the probability sample, and data from 981 respondents were used in the analysis. A total of 2444 adults additionally responded to the convenience sample, and data from 1751 respondents were used in the analysis. The samples were weighted to obtain estimates representative of all adults in the county. Public awareness of tracking the virus that causes COVID-19 in sewers was low. Opinions strongly support the public disclosure of monitoring results. Responses showed that people more strongly supported measurements in the largest areas (>50 000 households), typically representing population levels found in a large community wastewater treatment plant. Those with a history of COVID-19 infection were more likely to support highly localized monitoring. Understanding wastewater surveillance strategies and privacy concern thresholds requires an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of public opinion for continued success and effective public health monitoring.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Awareness of and Support for the Use of Wastewater for SARS-CoV-2 Monitoring: A Community Survey in Louisville, Kentucky

et al. 2022

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“…We found that <1% of our study population failed to develop an appreciable response to the vaccine despite the high rates of diabetes (10.7%), hypertension (33.7%), and cancer (6.8%) in our cohort, which are comparable to national rates of these comorbidities. Even though serological tests do not represent the competence of an immune response, there is a significant relationship between a positive serology and SARS-CoV-2 neutralization potential, (6) suggesting that those who fail to establish a measurable seropositive status are more likely to remain vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, even though a seropositive status does not guarantee successful vaccination effect (i.e., SARS-CoV-2 neutralization), a seronegative status excludes any possibility of virus neutralization.…”

Section: More Than 106 Billion Covid-19 Vaccine Doses Have Been Admin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Existing Comorbidities Diminish the Likelihood of Seropositivity After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

Amraotkar

Bushau-Sprinkle

Keith

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: The impact of chronic health conditions (CHC) on serostatus post-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination is unknown. Methods: We assessed serostatus post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among fully vaccinated participants recruited between April 2021 through August 2021 in 18 years and older residents of Jefferson County, Kentucky, USA. Serostatus was determined by measuring SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G (Spike IgG) antibodies via enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) in peripheral blood samples. Results: Of the 5,178 fully vaccinated participants, 51 were seronegative and 5,127 were seropositive. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR=13.49; 95% CI: 4.88, 37.3; P<0.0001) and autoimmune disease (OR=11.34; 95% CI: 5.21, 24.69; P<0.0001) showed highest association with negative serostatus in fully vaccinated participants. The absence of any CHC was strongly associated with positive serostatus (OR=0.37; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.73; P=0.003). The risk of negative serostatus increased in the presence of two CHCs (OR=2.82; 95% CI: 1.14, 7) to three or more CHCs (OR=4.52; 95% CI: 1.68, 12.14). Similarly, use of 2 or more CHC related medications was significantly associated with seronegative status (OR=6.08; 95%: 2.01, 18.35). Conclusions: Presence of any CHC, especially CKD or autoimmune disease, increased the likelihood of seronegative status among individuals who were fully vaccinated to SAR-CoV-2. This risk increased with a concurrent increase in number of comorbidities, especially with multiple medications. Absence of any CHC was protective and increased the likelihood of a positive serological response post-vaccination. These results will help develop appropriate guidelines for booster doses and targeted vaccination programs.

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“…In mid-March of 2020, prior to availability of EUA-authorized vaccines, health care workers who had actively been in contact with SARS-CoV-2 patients were invited to participate in a study to examine infection rates and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 [26]. Our analysis of the sera in this study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at University of Louisville (IRB Approval #20.0312).…”

Section: Human Convalescent Seramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For analysis of sera from human convalescent COVID-19 patients, quantities were limited. To evaluate human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 responses, we used the methods described by Hamorsky et al [26]. Briefly, RBD-specific anti-IgG titers were measured by ELISA against recombinant RBD domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein (SARS-CoV-2/Wuhan/2019 RBD-His, Immunetech, New York, NY, USA, IT-002-036p).…”

Section: Rbd-directed Antibody Elisamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine whether the humoral immune response in human survivors of COVID-19 correlates with that observed in vaccinated K18-hACE2 mice, we analyzed the IgG isotypes in sera obtained from 20 unvaccinated, convalescent COVID-19 patients [26]. We found a dominant IgG4 response that was significantly increased compared with IgG1 (p = 0.0022), IgG2 (p < 0.0001), or IgG3 (p = 0.041) (Figure 2A), with a rank order of titers as IgG4 > IgG3 > IgG1 > IgG2.…”

Section: K18-hace2 Mice Exhibit An Antibody Response To Cov-rbd121-np Vaccination That Resembles the Response In Serum From Convalescent mentioning

confidence: 99%

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CoV-RBD121-NP Vaccine Candidate Protects against Symptomatic Disease following SARS-CoV-2 Challenge in K18-hACE2 Mice and Induces Protective Responses That Prevent COVID-19-Associated Immunopathology

DeMarco

Royal²,

Severson

et al. 2021

Vaccines

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We developed a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate (CoV-RBD121-NP) comprised of a tobacco mosaic virus-like nanoparticle conjugated to the receptor-binding domain of the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 fused to a human IgG1 Fc domain. CoV-RBD121-NP elicits strong antibody responses in C57BL/6 mice and is stable for up to 12 months at 2–8 or 22–28 °C. Here, we showed that this vaccine induces a strong neutralizing antibody response in K18-hACE2 mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that immunization protects mice from virus-associated mortality and symptomatic disease. Our data indicated that a sufficient pre-existing pool of neutralizing antibodies is required to restrict SARS-CoV-2 replication upon exposure and prevent induction of inflammatory mediators associated with severe disease. Finally, we identified a potential role for CXCL5 as a protective cytokine in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results suggested that disruption of the CXCL5 and CXCL1/2 axis may be important early components of the inflammatory dysregulation that is characteristic of severe cases of COVID-19.

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Serological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first wave of the pandemic in Louisville Kentucky

Cited by 11 publications

References 56 publications

Public Awareness of and Support for the Use of Wastewater for SARS-CoV-2 Monitoring: A Community Survey in Louisville, Kentucky

Public Awareness of and Support for the Use of Wastewater for SARS-CoV-2 Monitoring: A Community Survey in Louisville, Kentucky

Pre-Existing Comorbidities Diminish the Likelihood of Seropositivity After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

CoV-RBD121-NP Vaccine Candidate Protects against Symptomatic Disease following SARS-CoV-2 Challenge in K18-hACE2 Mice and Induces Protective Responses That Prevent COVID-19-Associated Immunopathology

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