Serological and molecular prevalence of equine piroplasmosis in Western Java, Indonesia

Nugraha, Arifin Budiman; Cahyaningsih, Umi; Amrozi, Amrozi; Ridwan, Yusuf; Agungpriyono, Srihadi; Taher, Dharmawaty M; Guswanto, Azirwan; Gantuya, Sambuu; Tayebwa, Dickson Stuart; Tuvshintulga, Bumduuren; Sivakumar, Thillaiampalam; Yokoyama, Naoki; Igarashi, Ikuo

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.07.009

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Our findings concur with this model since age did not correlate with B. caballi seroprevalence, but its molecular detection was higher in younger animals, and its seroprevalence was higher than that of T. equi, while its molecular detection was lower. These trends were also found in several other serological surveys in endemic areas [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. The low molecular detection of B. caballi may be attributed to parasite clearance or to low parasitemia, beneath the detection level of the PCR assay.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Serological and Molecular Prevalence of Babesia caballi in Apparently Healthy Horses in Israel

Tirosh-Levy

Mazuz²,

Savitsky³

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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Babesia caballi is a tick-borne hemoparasite of equines and one of the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis, which poses a great concern for the equine industry regarding animal welfare and international horse movement. The parasite is endemic in Israel; however, its seroprevalence in the area was never evaluated due to antigenic heterogenicity in the gene used in the commercially available kit. Blood samples were collected from 257 horses at 19 farms throughout the country and screened for the presence of anti-B. caballi antibodies via an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and for the presence of parasite DNA by nested PCR. The seroprevalence of B. caballi was 69.6% and its molecular prevalence was 9.7%. The geographical area, horse’s sex, breed, housing, exposure to ticks, and specifically to Hyalomma marginatum, and co-infection with Theileria equi were found to be significantly associated with serologic exposure in univariable analysis, while the geographical area and horses’ sex remained significant in the multivariable analysis. The results of this study demonstrate a high level of exposure to B. caballi and identify important risk factors for infection. The difference between the serological and molecular prevalence, probably related to parasite clearance, is also highlighted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Serological and Molecular Prevalence of Babesia caballi in Apparently Healthy Horses in Israel

Tirosh-Levy

Mazuz²,

Savitsky³

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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“…Purebred horses are more commonly used for sports and recreation activities. Some studies have been carried out solely with purebred or crossbred horses or with a specific breed predefined according to the region, since these animals are of greater economic importance in the horse market (GOLYNSKI et al, 2008;KERBER et al, 2009;GUIMARÃES et al, 2016;NUGRAHA et al, 2018). However, more specific studies are needed involving purebred and mixed breed horses in order to examine this host parasite relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological detection and risk factors for equine piroplasmosis in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil

Souza

Araujo

Pires

et al. 2019

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Equine piroplasmosis, an economically important disease in horses, has so far not been reported in Pernambuco state, Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-Babesia caballi and anti-Theileria equi antibodies based on the detection of these agents in equine blood and in ticks on horses in the municipality of Petrolina, Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Blood samples were drawn from 393 horses and sera were examined by ELISA. The presence of tick infestations was evaluated, and 101 ticks were subjected to DNA amplification for the detection of Babesia spp. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No parasites were detected in the blood smears. Anti-B. caballi and anti-T. equi antibodies were found in 27.2% (107/393) and 34.8% (137/393) horses, respectively. Infestation by Dermacentor nitens was detected in 4.3% (17/393) of the horses. There was no DNA amplification of the agents in ticks. The risk factors for the presence of anti-T. equi antibodies (P < 0.05) were: purebred (P < 0.001), animals older than 156 months (P = 0.014), and the presence of ticks (P = 0.001). No risk factors for B. caballi were identified. This study confirmed the circulation of agents of equine piroplasmosis in the municipality of Petrolina, state of Pernambuco, Brazil.

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“…Furthermore, the difference in the prevalence from different epidemiological studies could also be due to risk factors that promulgate the infection such as the presence and abundance of competent tick vectors, activity of the host, management practices, and the effectiveness of vector control programs if any. In the majority of the studies in endemic countries, the prevalence of T. equi is generally higher than that of B. caballi [43,48,65,77,84]. This could be explained by the fact that infected equids which survive the infection completely eliminate B. caballi from their blood circulation after about 4 years whereas T. equi infested equids remain life-long carriers [18].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Equine Piroplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control

Onyiche

Suganuma

Igarashi

et al. 2019

IJERPH

Self Cite

108

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Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasites, Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. The disease is responsible for serious economic losses to the equine industry. It principally affects donkeys, horses, mules, and zebra but DNA of the parasites has also been detected in dogs and camels raising doubt about their host specificity. The disease is endemic in tropical and temperate regions of the world where the competent tick vectors are prevalent. Infected equids remain carrier for life with T. equi infection, whilst, infection with B. caballi is cleared within a few years. This review focuses on all aspects of the disease from the historical overview, biology of the parasite, epidemiology of the disease (specifically highlighting other non-equine hosts, such as dogs and camels), vector, clinical manifestations, risk factors, immunology, genetic diversity, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

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Serological and molecular prevalence of equine piroplasmosis in Western Java, Indonesia

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Serological and Molecular Prevalence of Babesia caballi in Apparently Healthy Horses in Israel

Serological and Molecular Prevalence of Babesia caballi in Apparently Healthy Horses in Israel

Serological detection and risk factors for equine piroplasmosis in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil

A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control

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