Serological and molecular characterization of Leptospira kirschneri serogroup Grippotyphosa isolated from bovine in Brazil

Soares, Pollyanna Mafra; Gomes, Dayane Olímpia; Macedo, Fernando P.; Soares, Michel S.; Lemes, Karla R.; Jaeger, Lauren Hubert; Lilenbaum, Walter; Lima, Anna Monteiro Correia

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103803

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…L. kirschneri has not been described in studies conducted in neighboring countries, which to date have been limited to reports of molecular positivity in cattle and have not identifed the infecting bacterial species. However, this species has been described in cattle in countries in North and South America (Brazil, Uruguay, and Mexico) [50][51][52]. Our fnding of L. kirschneri in local herds is consistent with our serological fnding of the predominant serogroup Grippotyphosa since the related serovars Grippotyphosa and Vanderheiden, tested in our study, belong to the L. kirschneri species [53].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Molecular and Serological Identification of Pathogenic Leptospira in Local and Imported Cattle from Lebanon

Harran

Rizk

Angelloz-Pessey

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Leptospirosis is a worldwide bacterial zoonosis for which the risk increases in warm and wet climates. Despite the suitability of the local climate for the bacteria’s persistence, Lebanon lacks a formal system of prophylaxis for the prevention of Leptospira infection in both humans and animals, and the disease’s epidemiology is unknown so far. As a preliminary step, we focused on Leptospira infection in cattle, which is of public health and economic concern. We conducted a descriptive study in cattle from the governorate of Mount Lebanon (ML) and in imported cattle. A total of 187 blood and 135 serum samples were provided. Among the 187 blood samples, 135 were from randomly selected animals from 14 herds, while the remaining 52 were from imported livestock. Serum specimens (n = 135) were obtained exclusively from cattle in the ML governorate. DNA was extracted from all blood samples and subjected to real-time PCR targeting 16S rRNA. All Leptospira-positive DNA samples were then amplified using conventional PCR (cPCR), and Leptospira species were identified via Sanger sequencing. A microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed on the 135 serum samples from local cattle. The real-time PCR revealed Leptospira infection in 7 of 135 local animals and 1 of 52 imported animals. DNA from six of the seven local animals and the one imported animal were amplified by cPCR and successfully sequenced, identifying the pathogen as the species L. kirschneri. Seven animals located in five out of the 14 tested herds had MAT titers ≥1 : 100. Serogroup Grippotyphosa was predominant. This is the first study to provide epidemiological data on bovine Leptospira infection in Lebanon. Pathogenic Leptospira species and serogroups were identified in both local and imported cattle. These findings highlight the cattle associated risk of Leptospira infection in Lebanon, in the contexts of farming and trade. Summary. Leptospirosis is a severe zoonotic disease that can have critical consequences for people and animals. Within the country of Lebanon, this disease has been reported, but its epidemiology is unknown so far. The present study thus provides the first description of the existence of Leptospira in cattle in Lebanon (local and imported). It also highlights the existence of different pathogenic serogroups of Leptospira in local cattle. Our results should raise public health awareness of the threat posed by this underdiagnosed disease and serve as a starting point for control efforts in Lebanon.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Molecular and Serological Identification of Pathogenic Leptospira in Local and Imported Cattle from Lebanon

Harran

Rizk

Angelloz-Pessey

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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“…Further Leptospira surveillance of marine mammals, including of shortbeaked common dolphins, is needed to identify other hosts carrying closely related strains of L.kirschneri, which would indicate potential intra-or interspecies transmission linkages and the host range for this novel lineage of L.kirschneri. It is also possible that the dolphin was infected by cross-ecosystem spillover transmission from a terrestrial host [75,76]; L.kirschneri has been detected in a range of terrestrial hosts, including rodents, horses, cattle, dogs, humans and wild boar [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Leptospira kirschneri in a short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis delphis) stranded off the coast of southern California, USA

Prager,

Danil,

Wurster

et al. 2024

BMC Vet Res

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Background Pathogenic Leptospira species are globally important zoonotic pathogens capable of infecting a wide range of host species. In marine mammals, reports of Leptospira have predominantly been in pinnipeds, with isolated reports of infections in cetaceans. Case presentation On 28 June 2021, a 150.5 cm long female, short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis delphis) stranded alive on the coast of southern California and subsequently died. Gross necropsy revealed multifocal cortical pallor within the reniculi of the kidney, and lymphoplasmacytic tubulointerstitial nephritis was observed histologically. Immunohistochemistry confirmed Leptospira infection, and PCR followed by lfb1 gene amplicon sequencing suggested that the infecting organism was L.kirschneri. Leptospira DNA capture and enrichment allowed for whole-genome sequencing to be conducted. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the causative agent was a previously undescribed, divergent lineage of L.kirschneri. Conclusions We report the first detection of pathogenic Leptospira in a short-beaked common dolphin, and the first detection in any cetacean in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Renal lesions were consistent with leptospirosis in other host species, including marine mammals, and were the most significant lesions detected overall, suggesting leptospirosis as the likely cause of death. We identified the cause of the infection as L.kirschneri, a species detected only once before in a marine mammal – a northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) of the northeastern Pacific. These findings raise questions about the mechanism of transmission, given the obligate marine lifestyle of cetaceans (in contrast to pinnipeds, which spend time on land) and the commonly accepted view that Leptospira are quickly killed by salt water. They also raise important questions regarding the source of infection, and whether it arose from transmission among marine mammals or from terrestrial-to-marine spillover. Moving forward, surveillance and sampling must be expanded to better understand the extent to which Leptospira infections occur in the marine ecosystem and possible epidemiological linkages between and among marine and terrestrial host species. Generating Leptospira genomes from different host species will yield crucial information about possible transmission links, and our study highlights the power of new techniques such as DNA enrichment to illuminate the complex ecology of this important zoonotic pathogen.

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“…Over recent years, several leptospirosis outbreaks in human populations in France have been linked to L. kirschneri associated to the serogroup GRIP [ 14 , 88 ]. In addition, these same Leptospira strain have been found to cause accidental infections in domestic animals [ 89 , 90 , 91 ]. To date, a single study has sought to characterize the genetic profiles of pathogenic Leptospira serogroups in wild mammals in France: none of the animal species tested appeared to be a maintenance host for the serogroup GRIP [ 85 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Pathogenic Leptospira kirschneri Serogroup Grippotyphosa in Water Voles (Arvicola terrestris) from Ruminant Pastures in Puy-de-Dôme, Central France

et al. 2023

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Rodents are the primary reservoirs for pathogenic Leptospira species, which cause leptospirosis. Among the key potential carriers are water voles, whose population outbreaks can consequently pose a major threat to human and animal health. We studied the prevalence, prominence, and epidemiology of pathogenic Leptospira species in water voles in central France. First, 46 voles were captured, and DNA was extracted from kidney, lung, liver, blood, and urine and tested for the presence of Leptospira using three molecular methods: PCR, O-antigen typing, and variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) typing. We also attempted to culture leptospires from kidney and urine samples. In addition, we investigated leptospiral antibodies in serum samples from 60 sheep using microscopic agglutination testing. These animals co-occurred with the voles, so we sought to assess their degree of exposure and involvement in pathogen dynamics. The overall prevalence of infection was 76.1% (CI95% [61.2%, 87.4%]). The only strain found was L. kirschneri serogroup Grippotyphosa and a similar VNTR profile was acquired. Leptospires were successfully cultured from kidney and urine samples for four voles. Three sheep had low antibody titers against the Leptospira serogroup Grippotyphosa. Taken together, our results suggest the exclusive carriage of L. kirschneri serogroup Grippotyphosa among water voles in central France. Nevertheless, their ability to act as reservoir hosts that transmit the pathogen to co-occurring livestock remains unclear and merits further research.

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Serological and molecular characterization of Leptospira kirschneri serogroup Grippotyphosa isolated from bovine in Brazil

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Molecular and Serological Identification of Pathogenic Leptospira in Local and Imported Cattle from Lebanon

Molecular and Serological Identification of Pathogenic Leptospira in Local and Imported Cattle from Lebanon

Detection of Leptospira kirschneri in a short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis delphis) stranded off the coast of southern California, USA

Identification of Pathogenic Leptospira kirschneri Serogroup Grippotyphosa in Water Voles (Arvicola terrestris) from Ruminant Pastures in Puy-de-Dôme, Central France

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