Serological and demographic evidence for domestic dogs as a source of canine distemper virus infection for Serengeti wildlife

Cleaveland, Sarah; Appel, M.G.J; Chalmers, W. S. K.; Chillingworth, C.; Kaare, Magai; Dye, Christopher

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(99)00207-2

Cited by 226 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Very little is known about the relationships of CPV and CDV to human activity in North America compared to studies in African carnivores (Laurenson et al, 1998;Cleaveland et al, 2000). Our results suggest that this may be due to differences in disease ecology between the two continents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…For example, wolves (Canis lupus) and many other carnivores have the potential to be exposed to canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine distemper virus (CDV) not only from other wolves, but also from hosts such as domestic and feral dogs (Canis familiaris) and alternate hosts such as coyotes (Canis latrans) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes; Laurenson, 1998;Cleaveland et al, 2000;Almberg et al, 2010). Prevalence of infection with carnivore pathogens such as CPV and CDV tends to increase among hosts in urban areas because of increased contact among individuals (Woodroffe et al, 2004), increasing spillover transmission rates from the reservoir hosts for wild canids (Steinel et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Mainka et al (1994) found that domestic dogs were the main source of CPV and CDV infections in giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in China. Domestic and feral dogs have also been identified as the major reservoir hosts for CPV and CDV in Africa (Laurenson et al, 1998;Cleaveland et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Antibodies to Canine Parvovirus and Distemper Virus in Wolves in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

Nelson

Hebblewhite

Ezenwa

et al. 2012

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Wild carnivores are often exposed to diseases via contact with peridomestic host species that travel through the wildland-urban interfaces. To determine the antibody prevalences and relationships to human activity for two common canid pathogens, we sampled 99 wolves (Canis lupus) from 2000 to 2008 for antibodies to canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine distemper virus (CDV) in Banff and Jasper National Parks and surrounding areas of the Canadian Rockies. This population was the source for wolves reintroduced into the Northern Rockies of the US. Of 99 wolves sampled, 94 had detectable antibody to CPV (95%), 24 were antibody-positive for CDV (24%), and 24 had antibodies to both pathogens (24%). We tested whether antibody prevalences for CPV and CDV were higher closer to human activity (roads, town sites, First Nation reserves) and as a function of sex and age class. Wolves $2 yr old were more likely to be have antibodies to CPV. For CDV, male wolves, wolves $2 yr, and those closer to First Nation reserves were more likely to have antibodies. Overall, however, we found minimal support for human influence on antibody prevalence for CDV and CPV. The similarity between our antibody prevalence results and results from recent studies in Yellowstone National Park suggests that at least in the case of CDV, and perhaps CPV, these could be important pathogens with potential effects on wolf populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Antibodies to Canine Parvovirus and Distemper Virus in Wolves in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

Nelson

Hebblewhite

Ezenwa

et al. 2012

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…It is known from reports of researchers in Doñana that many domestic dogs and cats have access to areas that are inhabited by the lynxes. Domestic cats may also be infected by CDV although usually clinically unapparent (Boller, 2006) (Cleaveland et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection in free-ranging Iberian lynxes (Lynx pardinus)

Meli

Simmler

Cattori

et al. 2010

Veterinary Microbiology

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Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a morbillivirus that is the etiological agent of one of the most important viral diseases affecting canids and an expanding range of other carnivores. than Sierra Morena (5%). The stone marten and a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) also tested seropositive. In conclusion, CDV is present in the Iberian lynx population, especially in the Doñana region, with sporadic cases of disease. To reduce the infectious pressure of CDV on this endangered population, a mass dog vaccination should be considered.

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“…For example, molecular analyses of the CDV strain responsible for the Serengeti outbreak in 1994 demonstrated genetic clustering within geographic areas rather than within host species. This suggested that a single virus strain was causing mortality in a range of species and that the virus was freely transmissible between domestic dogs and the wild carnivore populations (Cleaveland et al, 2000). With the exception of the Serengeti isolates, very few CDV isolates from African carnivores have been characterized, and the role of wild carnivores in the epidemiology of CDV is still very poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Pathology, and Genetic Analysis of a Canine Distemper Epidemic in Namibia

Gowtage-Sequeira

Banyard

Barrett

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Severe population declines have resulted from the spillover of canine distemper virus (CDV) into susceptible wildlife, with both domestic and wild canids being involved in the maintenance and transmission of the virus. This study (March 2001 to October 2003 collated case data, serologic, pathologic, and molecular data to describe the spillover of CDV from domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) to black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) during an epidemic on the Namibian coast. Antibody prevalence in jackals peaked at 74.1%, and the clinical signs and histopathologic observations closely resembled those observed in domestic dog cases. Viral RNA was isolated from the brain of a domestic dog from the outbreak area. Sequence data from the phosphoprotein (P) gene and the hemagglutinin (H) genes were used for phylogenetic analyses. The P gene sequence from the domestic dog shared 98% identity with the sequence data available for other CDV isolates of African carnivores. For the H gene, the two sequences available from the outbreak that decimated the lion population in Tanzania in 1994 were the closest match with the Namibian sample, being 94% identical across 1,122 base pairs (bp). Phylogenetic analyses based on this region clustered the Namibian sample with the CDV that is within the morbilliviruses. This is the first description of an epidemic involving black-backed jackals in Namibia, demonstrating that this species has the capacity for rapid and large-scale dissemination of CDV. This work highlights the threat posed to endangered wildlife in Namibia by the spillover of CDV from domestic dog populations. Very few sequence data are currently available for CDV isolates from African carnivores, and this work provides the first sequence data from a Namibian CDV isolate.

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Serological and demographic evidence for domestic dogs as a source of canine distemper virus infection for Serengeti wildlife

Cited by 226 publications

References 8 publications

Prevalence of Antibodies to Canine Parvovirus and Distemper Virus in Wolves in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

Prevalence of Antibodies to Canine Parvovirus and Distemper Virus in Wolves in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

Importance of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection in free-ranging Iberian lynxes (Lynx pardinus)

Epidemiology, Pathology, and Genetic Analysis of a Canine Distemper Epidemic in Namibia

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