Serologic Survey of Selected Viral Pathogens in Free-Ranging Eurasian Brown Bears (Ursus arctos arctos) from Slovakia

Vitásková, Eliška; Molnár, Ladislav; Holko, Ivan; Supuka, Peter; Černíková, Lenka; Bártová, Eva; Sedlák, Kamil

doi:10.7589/2017-11-290

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Host range seems to be limited to domestic and wild canids (dogs, wolves, foxes, coyotes) which are known to be susceptible (Davidson et al, 1992;Evermann et al, 1984). Neutralizing antibodies have also been found in North American river otters (Kimber et al, 2000) and in brown bears in Slovakia (Vitásková et al, 2019).…”

Section: Canine Herpesvirusmentioning

confidence: 93%

Herpesvirus diseases of domestic animals and game species in the Slovak Republic

Čonková-Skybová¹,

Ondrejková²,

Mojžišová³

et al. 2020

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Herpesviruses are DNA viruses that cause serious latent infections in humans and animals. These pathogens significantly influence the animal health and economy of animal husbandry. The reduction of production parameters, abortions, birth of weak individuals and by costs associated with the elimination and monitoring of herpesvirus diseases are among the most serious harms caused by herpesviruses. In our review we focused mainly on herpesvirus diseases in pigs and cattle (Aujeszky's disease, bovine infectious pustular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis) and herpesvirus diseases in red deer, dogs, and carps. In the past, these herpesvirus diseases have caused considerable economic losses in livestock. At present, several of these diseases are eliminated in the Slovak territory. Currently, a continuous monitoring is carried out not only in populations of domestic animals, but also in wild animals, which are the main reservoirs of the mentioned herpesviruses.

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Section: Canine Herpesvirusmentioning

confidence: 93%

Herpesvirus diseases of domestic animals and game species in the Slovak Republic

Čonková-Skybová¹,

Ondrejková²,

Mojžišová³

et al. 2020

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“…Detection of antibodies to canine distemper virus (CDV), canine herpesvirus type 1 (CHV-1), canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), canine parainfluenza virus type 2 (CPIV-2), canine coronavirus (CCV), West Nile virus (WNN), and PRV is positive in European brown bears ( Ursus arctos ) [ 77 ]. Previous studies have reported PRV-positive blood samples in free-ranging Eurasian brown bears ( Ursus arctos ) in Slovakia [ 77 ] and PRV-positive tissues and antibodies in captive bears fed raw pig heads [ 8 , 9 , 76 , 77 ].…”

Section: Prv Infection In Wild Domestic and Farm Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudorabies Virus Associations in Wild Animals: Review of Potential Reservoirs for Cross-Host Transmission

Liu

Tong

Zhao

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Pseudorabies virus (PRV) has received widespread attention for its potential health effects on humans, wildlife, domestic animals, and livestock. In this review, we focus on PRV dynamics in wildlife, given the importance of wild-origin PRV transmission to domestic and farm animals. Wild boars, pigs, and raccoons can serve as reservoirs of PRV, with viral transmission to domestic livestock occurring via several routes, such as wild herd exposure, contaminated meat consumption, and insect vector transmission. Many endangered feline and canine species can be infected with PRV, with acute disease and death within 48 h. The first confirmed human case of PRV infection in mainland China was reported in 2017. Thus, PRV exhibits potentially dangerous cross-host transmission, which is likely associated with inappropriate vaccination, poor awareness, and insufficient biosecurity. Currently, no vaccine provides full protection against PRV in all animals. Here, we summarize the epidemiology and pathogenesis of PRV infection in wild, domestic, and farmed animals, which may facilitate the design of novel therapeutics and strategies for controlling PRV infection and improving wildlife protection in China.

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“…Fatal cases of distemper have been described in close species such as a young free-ranging black bear (Ursus americanus) in the United States (Cottrell et al, 2013) and six captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in China (Feng et al, 2016). We are unaware of reports of distemper in Eurasian brown bear populations, and anti-CDV antibodies have been detected in 12% of brown bears in Slovakia and 37% in Italy (Di Francesco et al, 2015;Vitásková et al, 2019). Those data confirm that the virus is circulating among European brown bear populations and that the surveillance for possible CDV cases in this species should not be neglected.…”

Section: Implications For Carnivore Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine distemper virus in wildlife in south‐western Europe

Oleaga

Vázquez

Royo

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Multi-host pathogens emerging and re-emerging at the wildlife-domestic animal interface affect wildlife management and conservation. This is the case of canine distemper virus (CDV), a paramyxovirus closely related to human measles virus and rinderpest virus of cattle. With an area of 10,603 km 2 , Asturias region in Atlantic Spain is a hotspot of carnivore diversity, which includes the largest Eurasian brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos) population and one of the largest wolf (Canis lupus) populations in south-western Europe. In 2020-2021, we recorded mortality due to distemper in four carnivore species including three mustelids (Eurasian badger Meles meles, European marten Martes martes and European polecat Mustela putorius) and one canid (red fox, Vulpes vulpes). Clinical signs and pathology were similar across species and consistent with the emergence of a highly pathogenic viral strain, with CDV antigen mainly located in the central nervous system, lungs, spleen and lymph nodes. A molecular study in eight wild carnivore species, also including the Iberian wolf, Eurasian brown bear, American mink (Neovison vison) and stone marten (Martes foina), revealed 19.51% (16/82) of positivity. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that CDV belonged to the previously described European lineage. A retrospective serosurvey (2008-2020) showed a high seroprevalence of CDV antibodies (43.4%) in 684 analyzed badgers, indicating a long-term though not stable viral circulation in this multihost community. The possible triggers of the 2020-2021 outbreak and the implications for carnivore management and conservation are discussed.

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Serologic Survey of Selected Viral Pathogens in Free-Ranging Eurasian Brown Bears (Ursus arctos arctos) from Slovakia

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Herpesvirus diseases of domestic animals and game species in the Slovak Republic

Herpesvirus diseases of domestic animals and game species in the Slovak Republic

Pseudorabies Virus Associations in Wild Animals: Review of Potential Reservoirs for Cross-Host Transmission

Canine distemper virus in wildlife in south‐western Europe

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