Serologic Study of Rickettsioses among Acute Febrile Patients in Central Tunisia

Kaabia, N.; Rolain, Jean‐Marc; Khalifa, M.; Jazia, E. Ben; Bahri, F.; Raoult, Didier; Létaief, A.

doi:10.1196/annals.1374.126

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Other countries in Africa have reported similar (28%–58%) seroprevalence ( 9 , 10 ). The finding that prevalence of IgG to SFG rickettsiae increased with age can, in part, be explained by cumulative exposure to the pathogen and lifelong persistence of IgG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Rickettsia felisInfection in Febrile Patients, Western Kenya, 2007–2010

Maina

Knobel

Jiang

et al. 2012

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Rickettsia felisInfection in Febrile Patients, Western Kenya, 2007–2010

Maina

Knobel

Jiang

et al. 2012

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Two studies of febrile patients in Sousse, Tunisia, serologically identified acute Q fever in 2% and 9% of hospital admissions [54], [55]. Q fever was responsible for 5% of patients with acute febrile illness hospitalized in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso [56] as well as 3% of pediatric and 8% of adult admissions for severe febrile illness at two referral hospitals in the Kilimanjaro Region of northern Tanzania [11].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii Infection in Africa: A OneHealth Systematic Review

et al. 2014

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BackgroundQ fever is a common cause of febrile illness and community-acquired pneumonia in resource-limited settings. Coxiella burnetii, the causative pathogen, is transmitted among varied host species, but the epidemiology of the organism in Africa is poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review of C. burnetii epidemiology in Africa from a “One Health” perspective to synthesize the published data and identify knowledge gaps.Methods/Principal FindingsWe searched nine databases to identify articles relevant to four key aspects of C. burnetii epidemiology in human and animal populations in Africa: infection prevalence; disease incidence; transmission risk factors; and infection control efforts. We identified 929 unique articles, 100 of which remained after full-text review. Of these, 41 articles describing 51 studies qualified for data extraction. Animal seroprevalence studies revealed infection by C. burnetii (≤13%) among cattle except for studies in Western and Middle Africa (18–55%). Small ruminant seroprevalence ranged from 11–33%. Human seroprevalence was <8% with the exception of studies among children and in Egypt (10–32%). Close contact with camels and rural residence were associated with increased seropositivity among humans. C. burnetii infection has been associated with livestock abortion. In human cohort studies, Q fever accounted for 2–9% of febrile illness hospitalizations and 1–3% of infective endocarditis cases. We found no studies of disease incidence estimates or disease control efforts.Conclusions/Significance C. burnetii infection is detected in humans and in a wide range of animal species across Africa, but seroprevalence varies widely by species and location. Risk factors underlying this variability are poorly understood as is the role of C. burnetii in livestock abortion. Q fever consistently accounts for a notable proportion of undifferentiated human febrile illness and infective endocarditis in cohort studies, but incidence estimates are lacking. C. burnetii presents a real yet underappreciated threat to human and animal health throughout Africa.

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“…R. felis was first detected (as 'R. ctenocephali') in C. felis in Europe in 1918, (Parola et al, 2003;Kaabia et al, 2006;Znazen et al, 2006;Williams et al, 2011). More recently, a study conducted over 9 months in two Senegalese villages, found that up to 6% of 134 indigenous febrile non-malaria patients were infected with R. felis (Socolovschi et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%