Serologic Response to Varicella-Zoster Membrane Antigens Measured by Indirect Immunofluorescence

Williams, Virginia E.; Gershon, Anne A.; Brunell, Philip A.

doi:10.1093/infdis/130.6.669

Cited by 303 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…One of the first tests was CF, but it is not very sensitive, difficult to automate, and can only be used to diagnose recent infection [342][343][344][345][346][347][348][349] .…”

Section: Cfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are sensitive and rapid tests, but manual and difficult to automate, subjectively read, and unsuitable for large numbers [348,384] . FAMA: FAMA is considered the gold standard [347,376,379,[385][386][387][388] . It is highly sensitive because the preservation of the structure of the surface glycoproteins on infected cells allows neutralising antibodies to be detected [389] .…”

Section: Ifamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is highly sensitive because the preservation of the structure of the surface glycoproteins on infected cells allows neutralising antibodies to be detected [389] . It has been used to assess protection against varicella as a value of ≥ 4 correlates with protection [215,347,376,[390][391][392] . Its limitations are that it is semi-quantitative, cannot be automated, and requires specialised personnel and specific equipment; reading is subjective and subject to inter-laboratory variability [30] .…”

Section: Ifamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiology laboratory and the management of mother-child varicella-zoster virus infection

Paschale

Clerici

2016

WJV

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Varicella-zoster virus, which is responsible for varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles), is ubiquitous and causes an acute infection among children, especially those aged less than six years. As 90% of adults have had varicella in childhood, it is unusual to encounter an infected pregnant woman but, if the disease does appear, it can lead to complications for both the mother and fetus or newborn. The major maternal complications include pneumonia, which can lead to death if not treated. If the virus passes to the fetus, congenital varicella syndrome, neonatal varicella (particularly serious if maternal rash appears in the days immediately before or after childbirth) or herpes zoster in the early years of life may occur depending on the time of infection. A Microbiology laboratory can help in the diagnosis and management of mother-child infection at four main times: (1) when a pregnant woman has been exposed to varicella or herpes zoster, a prompt search for specific antibodies can determine whether she is susceptible to, or protected against infection; (2) when a pregnant woman develops clinical symptoms consistent with varicella, the diagnosis is usually clinical, but a laboratory can be crucial if the symptoms are doubtful or otherwise unclear (atypical patterns in immunocompromised subjects, patients with post-vaccination varicella, or subjects who have received immunoglobulins), or if there is a need for a differential diagnosis between varicella and other types of dermatoses with vesicle formation; (3) when a prenatal diagnosis of uterine infection is required in order to detect cases of congenital varicella syndrome after the onset of varicella in the mother; and (4) when the baby is born and it is necessary to confirm a diagnosis of varicella (and its complications), make a differential diagnosis between varicella and other diseases with similar symptoms, or confirm a causal relationship between maternal varicella and malformations in a newborn. Core tip: Although varicella during pregnancy is infrequent and congenital varicella syndrome (CVS) is rare, every available means should be used to prevent and diagnose them. Microbiology laboratories can be crucial in these situations: Evaluating a mother's immune status with sensitive and specific tests for the detection of antibodies; allowing a rapid diagnosis with molecular biology tests when a clinical manifestation may be due to different etiologies; following pregnant women with varicella for the prenatal diagnosis of CVS with close collaboration between molecular biology investigators and specialists in imaging diagnostics.De Paschale M, Clerici P. Microbiology laboratory and the management of mother-child varicella-zoster virus infection. World

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“…One of the first tests was CF, but it is not very sensitive, difficult to automate, and can only be used to diagnose recent infection [342][343][344][345][346][347][348][349] .…”

Section: Cfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ifamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ifamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiology laboratory and the management of mother-child varicella-zoster virus infection

Paschale

Clerici

2016

WJV

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“…24 A few metabotropic glutamate (MGLu) human embryonic lung fibroblast cells were infected with VZV MAV strain and other were infected with the VZV Oka strain. MGLu human embryonic lung fibroblast cells displaying 70-80% of cytopathic effects were harvested and used as antigens in the FAMA test.…”

Section: Fama Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The subjects' seropositivity against VZV MAV or VZV Oka strain was confined as grade 2 or higher fluorescence in serum with 1:4 or greater dilution. 24 The FAMA test was performed at the Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.…”

Section: Fama Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seropositivity of Varicella zoster virus in vaccinated Korean children and MAV vaccine group

Choi

Huh

Kim

et al. 2016

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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In 2005, a single-dose varicella vaccination was incorporated into the national immunization program in Korea. Although the Oka strain is the most commonly circulating Varicella zoster virus (VZV) genotype in Korea, a domestically manufactured vaccine based on the MAV strain is widely distributed in Korea. High vaccination coverage was achieved, but breakthrough infections were frequently reported. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to analyze the maintenance of immunity after single-dose vaccination and to compare the immunity provided by the MAV and Oka vaccines. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of samples from 715 vaccinated Korean children were used to assess seropositivity rates against VZV. Additionally, fluorescent-antibody-to-membrane-antigen (FAMA) tests were performed in 35 individuals in the MAV vaccine group, and seropositivity rates against the Oka strain were determined. The progressive decrease of the seropositivity rate was demonstrated from ages 1 to 4 as follows: 65% in age 1, 59% in age 2, 53% in age 3, 49% in age 4. It then increased to 62% in age 5 and 70% in age 6. Both the MAV and Oka vaccine groups showed a progressive decrease of the seropositivity rate from the age of 1 to 4 years, but the MAV vaccine group had higher seropositivity rates. In FAMA test, the MAV group demonstrated 71% seropositivity against the Oka strain. This study indicates that immunity wanes after single-dose varicella vaccination and that the MAV vaccine is not inferior to the Oka vaccine in providing immunity against VZV. The MAV vaccine also induced cross-immunity against circulating Oka strain.

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Serum Antibody Levels as Risk Factors in the Dissemination of Herpes Zoster

Mazur¹

1979

Arch Intern Med

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Serologic Response to Varicella-Zoster Membrane Antigens Measured by Indirect Immunofluorescence

Cited by 303 publications

References 9 publications

Microbiology laboratory and the management of mother-child varicella-zoster virus infection

Microbiology laboratory and the management of mother-child varicella-zoster virus infection

Seropositivity of Varicella zoster virus in vaccinated Korean children and MAV vaccine group

Serum Antibody Levels as Risk Factors in the Dissemination of Herpes Zoster

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