Serologic Follow-up of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Cases and Contacts—Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Hosani, Farida Ismail Al; Kim, Lindsay; Khudhair, Ahmed; Pham, Huong; Mulla, Mariam Al; Bandar, Zyad Al; Pradeep, K.; Elkheir, Kheir Abou; Weber, Stefan; Khoury, Mary; Donnelly, George; Younis, Naima; Saleh, Feda El; Abdalla, M. O.; Imambaccus, Hala; Haynes, Lia M.; Thornburg, Natalie J.; Harcourt, Jennifer L.; Miao, Congrong; Tamin, Azaibi; Hall, Aron J.; Russell, Elizabeth S.; Harris, Aaron M.; Kiebler, Craig; Mir, Roger; Pringle, Kimberly; Alami, Negar N.; Abedi, Glen R.; Gerber, Susan I.

doi:10.1093/cid/ciy503

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A similar situation was observed in Saudi Arabia, where up to 50% of MERS-CoV cases were classified as secondary, due to possible human-to-human transmission through contact with asymptomatic or symptomatic individuals infected with MERS-CoV [42]. Furthermore, limited human-to-human transmission of MERS-CoV was observed in several other clusters in other countries, including family members [14][15][16][17][18][19] and patients in health care facilities [39,40,[42][43][44].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Limited human-to-human transmission of MERS-CoV has been described mostly in health care setting [2,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and small household clusters of community-acquired cases, including a family cluster of mild disease [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Larger outbreaks have been reported in healthcare settings, which have led to multiple chains of limited transmission, as a result of contact with index cases or inadequate infection prevention and control measures causing excessive morbidity and mortality in several countries [2,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The first clusters of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Oman: Time to act

Awaidy

Maqbali

Omer

et al. 2020

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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a b s t r a c tIntroduction: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), is an emerging infectious disease of growing global importance. This review describes the latest MERS-CoV clusters and the first cases of nosocomial transmission within health care facilities in Oman. We have highlighted lessons learned and proposed steps to prevent healthcare-associated infections. Methods: A descriptive analysis of MERS-CoV cases was conducted between January 23 and February 16, 2019. The data from officials and other published sources used. Results: Thirteen laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV were reported from three simultaneous clusters from two governorates without an epidemiological link between the clusters. Two clusters were reported from North Al Batinah Governorate, with nine cases (69%) and 1 cluster from South Ash Sharqiyah Governorate with four cases (31%). In total, four deaths were reported (case fatality rate 31%). Four cases (31%) reported were household contacts from the first cluster, 3 (23%) were nosocomial transmission in health care facilities (two for first and one from the second cluster) and 7 (54%) were community-acquired cases.Conclusions: The first local clusters of MERS-CoV reported with evidence suggestive of healthcare and household-associated transmission. Early diagnosis and strict implementation of infection control measures remain fundamental in preventing and managing MERS-CoV infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first clusters of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Oman: Time to act

Awaidy

Maqbali

Omer

et al. 2020

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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“…More severe cases were also found to have slower responses 28,30 ; 75% of patients who died had not seroconverted by week 3 28 . Some authors have hypothesized 54,55 that seroconversion rates in severe cases may be associated with prolonged viral shedding, and that low antibody responses in mild cases may be due to short-lived infections. Another study 46 suggested that weaker antibody responses to endemic HCoVs (specifically HCoV-229E) might be because these mainly infect the upper respiratory tract.…”

Section: Hcov-hku1mentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses: kinetics, correlates of protection, and association with severity

et al. 2020

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Many public health responses and modeled scenarios for COVID-19 outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-2 assume that infection results in an immune response that protects individuals from future infections or illness for some amount of time. The presence or absence of protective immunity due to infection or vaccination (when available) will affect future transmission and illness severity. Here, we review the scientific literature on antibody immunity to coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 as well as the related SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs). We reviewed 2,452 abstracts and identified 491 manuscripts relevant to 5 areas of focus: 1) antibody kinetics, 2) correlates of protection, 3) immunopathogenesis, 4) antigenic diversity and cross-reactivity, and 5) population seroprevalence. While further studies of SARS-CoV-2 are necessary to determine immune responses, evidence from other coronaviruses can provide clues and guide future research.

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“…To compare SARS-CoV-2 SARs with other viruses, we reviewed articles describing household secondary transmission of SARS-CoV, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and other coronaviruses. We found seven articles reporting household SARs of MERS-CoV, 61 – 67 six of SARS-CoV, 68 – 73 and four of other coronaviruses ( S3 Table ). 74 – 77 …”

Section: Comparison With Other Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis of secondary attack rate

Madewell

Yang

Longini

et al. 2020

Preprint

386

513

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Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spread by direct, indirect, or close contact with infected people via infected respiratory droplets or saliva. Crowded indoor environments with sustained close contact and conversations are a particularly high-risk setting. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis through July 29, 2020 of SARS-CoV-2 household secondary attack rate (SAR), disaggregating by several covariates (contact type, symptom status, adult/child contacts, contact sex, relationship to index case, index case sex, number of contacts in household, coronavirus). Findings: We identified 40 relevant published studies that report household secondary transmission. The estimated overall household SAR was 18.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.4%-22.2%), which is higher than previously observed SARs for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. We observed that household SARs were significantly higher from symptomatic index cases than asymptomatic index cases, to adult contacts than children contacts, to spouses than other family contacts, and in households with one contact than households with three or more contacts. Interpretation: To prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, people are being asked to stay at home worldwide. With suspected or confirmed infections referred to isolate at home, household transmission will continue to be a significant source of transmission.

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Serologic Follow-up of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Cases and Contacts—Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Abstract: Transmission of MERS-CoV was not documented in this investigation of mostly asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic cases and their household contacts. These results have implications for clinical management of cases and formulation of isolation policies to reduce the risk of transmission.

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

The first clusters of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Oman: Time to act

The first clusters of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Oman: Time to act

A systematic review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses: kinetics, correlates of protection, and association with severity

Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis of secondary attack rate

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