Serologic Evidence of Arboviral Infections among Humans in Kenya

Sutherland, Laura J.; Cash, Ayla; Huang, Yan-Jang S.; Sang, Rosemary; Malhotra, Indu; Moormann, Ann M.; King, Christopher L.; Weaver, Scott C.; King, Charles H.; LaBeaud, A. Desirée

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0203

Cited by 77 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…DENV-5 was not detected as it was the case by Normile (2013) in Malasyia, although they used serum for assays. This report confirms findings by Sutherland et al, (2011) but contrast reports by Konongoi et al (2016) in which three serotypes of Dengue virus were reported (DENV-2, DENV-2 and DENV-3). This study reports higher rate of DENV-2 serotype infection in Aedes species along the entire coastline.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Entomological Coinfections of Arboviruses Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses along the Coastline of Kenya

Ngala¹,

Chanasit²

2018

jmr

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Arthropod-borne disease outbreaks as a result of pathogen influx including arboviruses transmitted by strains of Aedes species occur periodically in varying spots in Kenya. However, there has been paucity of documented information on the Aedes species involved in transmission of different haplotypes of arboviruses. This study assessed for concomitant infection of arboviruses in different vectors. Aedes species were sampled by Bio gent sentinel trap. Mosquitoes were stunned at 4°C for 5 minutes; sorted according to site, species and sex. RNA was extracted using Trizole®. cDNA was generated using one step real time PCR. Proportions of vectors and arboviruses were analyzed by R-statistics. A total of 37, 220 mosquitoes of Aedes species were analyzed. Vectors were: Aedes aegypti formosus (23,265=62.5%), Aedes aegypti aegypti (4,931=13.2%), Aedes mcintoshi (3,557=9.56%), Aedes ochraceus (2,156=5.79%), Aedes pembaensis (2,049=5.51%), Aedes tricholabis (487=1.31%), Aedes albicosta (415=1.11%), Aedes fulgens (200=0.54%) and Aedes fryeri (160=0.43%). Dengue virus (DENV) had highest entomological infections at 79% (n=1910) while Chikungunya (CHIKV) at 21%. DENV-2 had the highest frequency at 54%, while DENV-4 with the least frequency at 6%. Only ECSA genotype of CHIKV was present. Concomitant infections of arboviral haplotypes in different clades of Aedes species occur along the coastal region. Aedes aegypti aegypti is incubates all serotypes of DENV and genotype of CHIK viruses thus the major vectors of arboviruses. This information is important as it gives knowledge on areas at high risk for arboviral disease outbreaks. Consecutively, up scaled survey and implementation of control and prevention measures taken appropriately.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Entomological Coinfections of Arboviruses Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses along the Coastline of Kenya

Ngala¹,

Chanasit²

2018

jmr

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“…Third, we examined a limited set of pathogens in a population that is likely affected by many others. 5,[31][32][33] Further testing of banked samples is ongoing. Finally, our control group was not randomly selected, instead being drawn from patients presenting to the hospital for other reasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of Pediatric Fever in Western Kenya: A Case–Control Study of Falciparum Malaria, Respiratory Viruses, and Streptococcal Pharyngitis

O’Meara¹,

Mott²,

Laktabai³

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In Kenya, more than 10 million episodes of acute febrile illness are treated annually among children under 5 years. Most are clinically managed as malaria without parasitological confirmation. There is an unmet need to describe pathogen-specific etiologies of fever. We enrolled 370 febrile children and 184 healthy controls. We report demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with Plasmodium falciparum, group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis, and respiratory viruses (influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], parainfluenza [PIV] types 1-3, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus [hMPV]), as well as those with undifferentiated fever. Of febrile children, 79.7% were treated for malaria. However, P. falciparum was detected infrequently in both cases and controls (14/268 [5.2%] versus 3/133 [2.3%], P = 0.165), whereas 41% (117/282) of febrile children had a respiratory viral infection, compared with 24.8% (29/117) of controls (P = 0.002). Only 9/515 (1.7%) children had streptococcal infection. Of febrile children, 22/269 (8.2%) were infected with 1 pathogen, and 102/275 (37.1%) had fevers of unknown etiology. Respiratory viruses were common in both groups, but only influenza or parainfluenza was more likely to be associated with symptomatic disease (attributable fraction [AF] 67.5% and 59%, respectively). Malaria was overdiagnosed and overtreated. Few children presented to the hospital with GAS pharyngitis. An enhanced understanding of carriage of common pathogens, improved diagnostic capacity, and better-informed clinical algorithms for febrile illness are needed.

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“…10 Furthermore, a number of studies indicates CHIKV circulation in Kenya and Cameroon during interepidemic periods. [11][12][13] Circulation of CHIKV has also been reported in a few West African countries: it has been described in a cluster of travelers returning from Senegal with active CHIKV infection 14 and acute cases of CHIKV-related disease were detected in Guinea 15 and likely, Sierra Leone. 16 Furthermore, a recent study reported a seroprevalence of 46% for CHIKV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in hospitalized patients in Nigeria during 2008.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

High Seroprevalence of Chikungunya Virus Antibodies Among Pregnant Women Living in an Urban Area in Benin, West Africa

Bacci¹,

Marchi²,

Fiévet³

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of antichikungunya virus (anti-CHIKV) antibodies in pregnant women living in an urban area of Benin (West Africa). Results were obtained by screening sera collected in 2006 and 2007 with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-CHIKV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM. Positive results were confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence test and microneutralization assay. We found that a large proportion (36.1%) of pregnant women living in Cotonou had specific IgG against CHIKV, indicating a high seroprevalence of the infection in urban southern Benin, whereas no active cases of CHIKV infection were detected.Arboviruses that are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, such as dengue virus and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections, are a global threat because of their rapid and abrupt spread worldwide and the infection-related disease burden.

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Serologic Evidence of Arboviral Infections among Humans in Kenya

Cited by 77 publications

References 25 publications

Entomological Coinfections of Arboviruses Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses along the Coastline of Kenya

Entomological Coinfections of Arboviruses Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses along the Coastline of Kenya

Etiology of Pediatric Fever in Western Kenya: A Case–Control Study of Falciparum Malaria, Respiratory Viruses, and Streptococcal Pharyngitis

High Seroprevalence of Chikungunya Virus Antibodies Among Pregnant Women Living in an Urban Area in Benin, West Africa

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