Serologic and Virologic Investigation of BHV-1, BVDV and BHV-4 in Cattle with Metritis

Abstract

Abstract:The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possible effects of Bovine Herpes virus-1 (BHV-1), Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), and Bovine Herpes virus-4 (BHV-4) involving metritis in the selected unvaccinated dairy cattle herds in Afyon province of Turkey by serologically and virologically methods. A total of 63 dairy cattle with metritis were sampled in order to investigate the presence of BHV-1, BVDV and BHV-4 infections. The sera samples were tested for presence of antibodies to BHV-1, BVDV and BHV-4 using a commercially available indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Leukocyte samples were tested for presence of BVDV viral genome using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for BHV-1 and BHV-4 viral genome. Detectable antibodies were detected in 6 (9.52%) of 63 against BVDV and 51 (80.95%) of 63 against BHV-4. Detectable antibodies were detected against BVDV from 6 (9.52%) of 63 sera samples and BHV-4 from 51 (80.95%) of 63. No antibodies against BHV-1 were detected as well as the results of RT-PCR for BVDV, and PCR for BHV-1 were all negative. Positive PCR results found BHV-4 genome from 8 (12.69%) of 63 leukocyte samples. Presence of BVDV and BHV-4 antibodies in unvaccinated animals indicates that these cattle had contracted infection. In conclusion, BHV-4 infections may play a direct or indirect role in causing bovine metritis; therefore their importance in the etiology of metritis and their economic impact needs further attention.

A Phylogenetic and Genotyping Study of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 4 (BHV-4) in Turkey

“…Despite this assumption, a wide variety of clinical symptoms including dermatitis, mastitis, vascu-litis, respiratory tract disorders, has also been declared in previous reports by some researchers. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] One of them, a case report by Bellino et. al 4 1,7,11,12,[15][16][17] Pathoclinical linking remains to be elucidated by further detailed analysis.…”

“…Both studies have revealed that almost all Turkish BHV-4 sequences belonged to Genotype I. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]26 Molecular data from previous studies were limited and not eligible rather than serological ones, thus, its comparison could not be comprehensively conducted in phylogenetic and recombination analyses.…”

“…4,6,7,10 In Turkey, many serological investigations on BHV-4 have been performed, however, studies are limited and which genotypes have been circulated is unknown. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In this study, therefore, it was aimed to investigate the potential presence of BHV-4 in a dairy cattle herd with reproductive problems (repeat breeding, infertility, postpartum infection). It was additionally intended to elucidate current molecular evolutionary status by phylogenetic and recombination analysis.…”