Serologic and Molecular Studies of Leptospira and Leptospirosis among Rats in the Philippines

Villanueva, Sharon Y. A. M.; Ezoe, Hirokazu; Baterna, Rubelia A.; Yanagihara, Yasutake; Muto, Maki; Koizumi, Nobuo; Fukui, Takashi; Okamoto, Yoshihiro; Masuzawa, Toshiyuki; Cavinta, Lolita L.; Gloriani, Nina G.; Yoshida, Shigeaki

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0711

Cited by 85 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Other studies reported a low genetic diversity among locally circulating Leptospira strains within the rat population. [27][28][29][30][31][32] Here, we showed that rats in Mayotte carried four genomospecies (Table 4) and that the genetic diversity among Leptospira strains infecting black rats is unique. Rattus sp.…”

Section: Animals As Reservoirs Of Leptospirosis In Mayottementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rattus sp. is considered as the preferred reservoir host for L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii [28][29][30][32][33][34] and to our knowledge L. kirschneri (serovar Bim) has only been isolated from rats in Barbados. 35 Our serological results corroborate serological observations and molecular data on human strains and confirmed that field strains from serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae are absent on Mayotte.…”

Section: Animals As Reservoirs Of Leptospirosis In Mayottementioning

confidence: 99%

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Similarities in Leptospira Serogroup and Species Distribution in Animals and Humans in the Indian Ocean Island of Mayotte

Desvars¹,

Naze²,

Vourc’H³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Our objective was to identify local animal reservoirs of leptospirosis to explain the unusual features of Leptospira strains recently described among patients on the island of Mayotte. By means of a microscopic agglutination test using local clinical isolates, we found that 11.2% of black rats were seropositive to Leptospira, whereas 10.2% of flying foxes, 2% of lemurs, 93.1% of domestic dogs, and 87.5% of stray dogs were seropositive. As observed in humans, Mini was the main serogroup circulating in animals, whereas serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae was absent. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we also showed that 29.8% of rats carried leptospires in their kidneys. The sequencing of 16S rRNA gene sequences of Leptospira found in black rat kidneys identified four genomospecies (Leptospira borgpetersenii, Leptospira interrogans, Leptospira kirschneri, and L. borgpetersenii group B), which established black rats as the major source of leptospirosis transmission to humans. The origins of such a genetic diversity in Leptospira strains are discussed.

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Section: Animals As Reservoirs Of Leptospirosis In Mayottementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animals As Reservoirs Of Leptospirosis In Mayottementioning

confidence: 99%

Similarities in Leptospira Serogroup and Species Distribution in Animals and Humans in the Indian Ocean Island of Mayotte

Desvars¹,

Naze²,

Vourc’H³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…These ranged from Bayer Philippines' Rat Attack information dissemination programs and distribution of free Racumin products to various municipal ordinances that offered cash payments for every rat caught dead or alive by local residents (Laude, 2009;Philippine Star, 2010). Rat infestation has long been a serious problem, in a country where millions of rats are born annually (Philippine Star, 2010;Villanueva et al, 2010). One study has discovered at least four Leptospira serovars and serogroups circulating among domestic rats in the Philippines.…”

Section: Philippines (Southeast Asia)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another is rat and other rodent infestation, which is further encouraged by tropical and subtropical climates. Scientific studies have consistently indicated that rats are the most significant carriers and transmitters of leptospirosis globally, although other domestic and wild animals are potential reservoirs of the bacteria (Sarkar et al, 2002;GreenMcKenzie and Shoff, 2010;Villanueva et al, 2010). Several Leptospira serovars and serogroups that circulate among rats have already been identified (McBride et al, 2007).…”

Section: Leptospirosis As a Zoonosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospirosis in the Tropics: When Prevention Doesn’t Easily Sell as a Ton of Cure

Mendoza¹

2010

American J. of Economics and Business Administration

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Problem statement: Human leptospirosis --the most widespread zoonotic disease --thrives in tropical and subtropical climates. It is seldom addressed ex ante or prior to an outbreak or expected outbreak by governments of high-risk countries. Whether common, post-exposure treatment with antimicrobial drugs is more cost-efficient than reducing animal reservoir populations was the overarching question that guided this study. A related question in this study was how to establish comparability of pertinent price or cost estimates. Approach: Annualized price samples of government-approved, antimicrobial therapies and proposed rat and other rodent chemical agents (rodenticides) were gathered from three leptospirosis-endemic countries: Brazil, the Philippines and Sri Lanka. Certain price data were adjusted for present value based on a linear cost accounting function. Two-tailed hypothesis-testing (α = 0.05) was performed to determine any statistically significant differences in pricing antimicrobial therapies and rodenticides in each country under investigation. Results: Shared socio-demographic characteristics of infected populations appear to support the need for ex ante containment of rat/rodent reservoir populations in tropical and subtropical countries. In each surveyed country, we found t crit >t obs >-t crit . Therefore, the null hypothesis, µ antimicrobial = µ rodenticides = µ antimicrobial -µ rodenticides = 0, could not be rejected in favor of the alternative, µ antimicrobial ≠ µ rodenticides = µ antimicrobial -µ rodenticides ≠ 0. Conclusion: Applications of Price Estimation (PE) methods in financial economics, such as present value, help optimize health decisions concerning zoonotic diseases. Leptospira transmission in Brazil, the Philippines and Sri Lanka illuminate the need for broad and cohesive policies that take into account zoocentric measures. These may be critical in high-risk, tropical and subtropical countries that periodically experience flooding, standing water and increased rainfall.

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“…[5][6][7] Our study evaluated the interlaboratory reliability of PFGE identification of leptospiral serovars between the CDC and the San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC; Fort Sam Houston, TX) leptospirosis laboratories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interlaboratory Agreement of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Identification of Leptospira Serovars

Mende

Galloway²,

Becker³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Leptospirosis may be caused by 250 Leptospira serovars. Serovar classification is a complex task that most laboratories cannot perform. We assessed the interlaboratory reproducibility of a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) identification technique developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Blinded exchange of 93 Leptospiraceae strains occurred between San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC) and the CDC. PFGE was performed and gel images were analyzed and compared with patterns present in each laboratory's database (CDC database: 800 strain patterns; SAMMC database: 300 strain patterns). Overall, 93.7% (74 of 79) of strains present in each receiving laboratory's database were correctly identified. Five isolates were misidentified, and two isolates did not match serovar PFGE patterns in the receiving laboratory's database. Patterns for these seven isolates were identical between laboratories; four serovars represented misidentified reference strains. The PFGE methodology studied showed excellent interlaboratory reproducibility, enabling standardization and data sharing between laboratories.

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Serologic and Molecular Studies of Leptospira and Leptospirosis among Rats in the Philippines

Cited by 85 publications

References 41 publications

Similarities in Leptospira Serogroup and Species Distribution in Animals and Humans in the Indian Ocean Island of Mayotte

Similarities in Leptospira Serogroup and Species Distribution in Animals and Humans in the Indian Ocean Island of Mayotte

Leptospirosis in the Tropics: When Prevention Doesn’t Easily Sell as a Ton of Cure

Interlaboratory Agreement of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Identification of Leptospira Serovars

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