Seroincidence ofHelicobacter pyloriInfection in a Cohort of Rural Bolivian Children: Acquisition and Analysis of Possible Risk Factors

Glynn, M. Kathleen; Friedman, Cindy R.; Gold, Benjamin D.; Khanna, Bhawna; Hutwagner, Lori; Iihoshi, Naomi; Revollo, Carmen; Quick, Robert

doi:10.1086/342910

Cited by 61 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…22 The maximum incidence generally occurs before the age of four years in both developed and developing countries, and the incidence rates range from 2.1 to 11.7% and 14 to 26% in these countries, respectively. [23][24][25][26] The incidence rate becomes lower in adulthood due to lower exposure risk and a reduction in the number of susceptible subjects. 24 The cohort effect refers to the stable prevalence in adulthood that is established by the incidence rate during childhood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among children of low socioeconomic level in São Paulo

et al. 2010

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Helicobacter pylori infection is mainly acquired during childhood, and is associated with significant morbidity in adults. The aim here was to evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors of H. pylori infection among children of low socioeconomic level attended at a public hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING:Cross-sectional study, among patients attended at an outpatient clinic.METHODS: 326 children were evaluated (150 boys and 176 girls; mean age 6.82 ± 4.07 years) in a cross-sectional study. Patients with chronic diseases or previous H. pylori treatment, and those whose participation was not permitted by the adult responsible for the child, were excluded. The adults answered a demographic questionnaire and blood samples were collected. The serological test used was Cobas Core II, a second-generation test. Titers > 5 U/ml were considered positive. RESULTS: H. pylori infection was diagnosed in 116 children (35.6%). Infected children were older than uninfected children (7.77 ± 4.08 years versus 5.59 ± 3.86 years; p < 0.0001). The seroprevalence increased from 20.8% among children aged two to four years, to 58.3% among those older than 12 years. There were no significant relationships between seropositivity and gender, color, breastfeeding, number of people in the home, number of rooms, bed sharing, living in a shantytown, maternal educational level, family income or nutritional status. In multivariate analysis, the only variable significantly associated with H. pylori seropositivity was age.CONCLUSION: Infection had intermediate prevalence in the study population, and age was associated with higher prevalence. RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO:A infecção por Helicobacter pylori é adquirida principalmente na infância e é associada a morbidade significativa em adultos.O objetivo foi avaliar a soroprevalência de infecção por H. pylori bem como fatores de risco em crianças de baixo nível socioeconômico atendidas em um hospital público em São Paulo, Brasil. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL:Estudo transversal, realizado entre pacientes atendidos em ambulatório. MÉTODOS:Foram avaliadas 326 crianças (150 meninos e 176 meninas, idade: média 6,82 ± 4,07 anos) em estudo transversal. Foram excluídas aquelas com doenças crônicas, tratamento prévio de H. pylori e cujo responsável não consentiu participar do estudo. Os responsáveis responderam questionário demográfico e foi coletada uma amostra de sangue. O teste sorológico empregado foi o CobasCore II, exame de segunda geração, sendo considerados positivos títulos > 5 U/ml. RESULTADOS:Infecção por H. pylori foi diagnosticada em 116 (35,6%). A idade dos pacientes infectados foi maior que a dos demais (7,77 ± 4,08 anos versus 5,59 ± 3,86 anos; p < 0,0001). A prevalência aumenta de 20,8% entre dois e quatro anos de idade para 58,3% entre maiores de 12 anos. Não houve relação significativa entre soropositividade e sexo, raça, aleitamento materno, número de pessoas ou de cômodos na casa, compartilhamento de camas, domicílio em favela, escolaridade mat...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among children of low socioeconomic level in São Paulo

et al. 2010

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“…The infection is acquired in the first years of life in early childhood, but acquisition among low socioeconomic level populations is more frequent before they are 5 years of age [19,20,21]. Although the exact transmission mechanism remains unclear, person-to-person transmission seems to be the main form of dissemination.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Management of Helicobacter pylori: The Latin American Perspective

Coelho

Coelho²

2014

Dig Dis

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In most South American countries, Helicobacter pylori infection prevalence is high, affecting over 70% in populations with precarious living conditions. It is worth pointing out that there is initial evidence of a decline in prevalence of H. pylori infection at least in some more privileged fragments of the population. It is estimated that gastric cancer, the main clinical sequela of H. pylori infection, has an average incidence rate of 12.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (8.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants for women and 17.3 cases per 100,000 for men) in the region. Classical triple therapy [proton pump inhibitor (PPI), amoxicillin and clarithromycin] is still the most used regimen with eradication rates around 80%. The rates of resistance to clarithromycin range from 2 to 24%. Recurrence rates of the infection are described as 2.9% in Argentina, 4.2% in Chile, 2-7% in Brazil, and 11.5% in a trial involving 7 Latin American countries. After failure of clarithromycin-containing regimens, second- and third-line therapies using PPI, amoxicillin and levofloxacin and quadruple therapy with PPI, colloidal bismuth subcitrate, tetracycline hydrochloride and metronidazole are recommended.Due to the high rates of primary resistance to metronidazole in the Latin American countries, use of the quadruple therapy, replacing metronidazole for furazolidone, is a frequent option. Rescue triple therapy regimens using furazolidone in association with levofloxacin and PPI have also been used. Most recommended rescue therapies reach eradication rates close to 80%.

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“…In developing countries, H. pylori infection is particularly high (up to 80%) [9][10][11]. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in Jordan and Bahrain was 77.5% and 79%, respectively [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of H. pylori strains harbouring cagA and iceA virulence genes in saudi patients with gastritis and peptic ulcer disease

Kadi¹,

Halawani²,

Abdelkader³

2014

Microbiol Discov

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Aim: The study is aimed to detect the presence of cagA, iceA1, and iceA2 virulence genes in H. pylori from gastric biopsies, and to deduce the correlation between these genotypes and the two clinical outcomes peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastritis. Materials and methods: Thirty three Saudi patients 15 males and 18 females, 20 to 90 years were assigned into two groups PUD and gastritis. Genomic DNAs were extracted from biopsy specimens and used to detect the presence of cagA, and iceA genes by PCR typing system. Fisher's and Phi coefficient association tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Genotyping show that both cagA and iceA genes were amplified from 27 specimens (81.7%). The prevalence of cagA+ and cagA-genotypes or iceA+ and iceA-genotypes did not differ significantly between males and females (p=0.070). Within the PUD and gastritis groups, the percentages of specimens positive for cagA gene were 76.9 % and 85 %, while those positive for iceA+ were 92.3% and 75% respectively. All cagA+/iceA+ combined genotypes was statically correlated with peptic ulcer (77%). This correlation was not observed within H. pylori specimens typed from gastritis. Patients with either PUD or gastritis were most likely infected by several strains of H. pylori. Conclusion: Different strains of H. pylori have virulent genotypes evidenced by PCR-based genotyping from biopsy specimens at a reasonable cost and time. These virulence strains spread at Taif province, may result in sever clinical outcomes such as ulcers which may be developed to cancer, the situation which necessitates further studies.

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Seroincidence ofHelicobacter pyloriInfection in a Cohort of Rural Bolivian Children: Acquisition and Analysis of Possible Risk Factors

Cited by 61 publications

References 35 publications

Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among children of low socioeconomic level in São Paulo

Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among children of low socioeconomic level in São Paulo

Clinical Management of <b><i>Helicobacter pylori</i></b>: The Latin American Perspective

Prevalence of H. pylori strains harbouring cagA and iceA virulence genes in saudi patients with gastritis and peptic ulcer disease

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