Serogroup-Specific Characteristics of Localized Meningococcal Meningitis Epidemics in Niger 2002–2012 and 2015: Analysis of Health Center Level Surveillance Data

Maïnassara, Halima Boubacar; Paireau, Juliette; Idi, Issa; Jusot, Jean-François; Pelat, Jean-Paul Moulia; Oukem‐Boyer, Odile Ouwe Missi; Fontanet, Arnaud; Mueller, Judith E.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163110

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The high heterogeneity of incidences even within epidemic or non‐epidemic districts concords with the results of NmA epidemics in Burkina Faso and Niger for the period of 2002–2012 . Although the fact that the epidemic largely affected Dosso region, this heterogeneity was visible, suggesting the necessity of surveillance at a finer spatial level than the district for a rapid detection of localised epidemics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Evaluation of response strategies against epidemics due to Neisseria meningitidis C in Niger

Maïnassara

Oumarou

Issaka

et al. 2016

Tropical Med Int Health

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Abstractobjective To inform public health recommendations, we evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency of current and hypothetical surveillance and vaccine response strategies against Neisseria meningitidis C meningitis epidemics in 2015 in Niger.methods We analysed reports of suspected and confirmed cases of meningitis from the region of Dosso during 2014 and 2015. Based on a definition of epidemic signals, the effectiveness and efficiency of surveillance and vaccine response strategies were evaluated by calculating the number of potentially vaccine-preventable cases and number of vaccine doses needed per epidemic signal.results A total of 4763 weekly health area reports, collected in 90 health areas with 1282 suspected meningitis cases, were included. At a threshold of 10 per 100 000, the total number of estimated vaccine-preventable cases was 29 with district-level surveillance and vaccine response, 141 with health area-level surveillance and vaccination and 339 with health area-level surveillance and district-level vaccination. While being most effective, the latter strategy required the largest number of vaccine doses (1.8 million), similar to the strategy of surveillance and vaccination at district level (1.3 million), whereas the strategy of surveillance and vaccination at health area level would have required only 0.8 million doses. Thus, efficiency was lowest for district-level surveillance and highest for health area-level surveillance with district-level vaccination.conclusion In this analysis, we found that effectiveness and efficiency were higher at health arealevel surveillance and district-level vaccination than for other strategies. Use of N. meningitidis C vaccines in a preventive strategy thus should be considered, in particular as most reactive vaccine response strategies in our analysis had little impact on disease burden.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Evaluation of response strategies against epidemics due to Neisseria meningitidis C in Niger

Maïnassara

Oumarou

Issaka

et al. 2016

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…The difference in cluster area between the West and North region may reflect differences in population density (greater in the West region), but also differences in the serogroups causing the observed localized epidemics. The West cluster was dominated by serogroup A epidemics, while serogroup X epidemics occurred in particular in the North region, and these serogroups exhibit distinct spatial dynamics 26 . However, the number of observed epidemics due to non-A serogroups was too small for serogroup-specific analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-spatial resolution epidemic surveillance of bacterial meningitis in the African meningitis belt in Burkina Faso

Woringer

Porgho

Fermanian

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Despite improved surveillance capacities and WHO recommendations for subdistrict analysis, routine epidemic surveillance of acute bacterial meningitis in the African meningitis belt remains largely limited to the district level. We evaluated the appropriateness and performance of analyses at higher spatial resolution. We used suspected meningitis surveillance data at health centre (HC) resolution from Burkina Faso from 14 health districts spanning years 2004–2014 and analysed them using spatio-temporal statistics and generative models. An operational analysis compared epidemic signals at district and HC-level using weekly incidence thresholds. Eighty-four percent (N = 98/116) of epidemic clusters spanned only one HC-week. Spatial propagation of epidemic clusters was mostly limited to 10–30 km. During the 2004–2009 (with serogroup A meningitis) and 2010–2014 (after serogroup A elimination) period, using weekly HC-level incidence thresholds of 100 and 50 per 100,000 respectively, we found a gain in epidemic detection and timeliness in 9 (41% of total) and 10 (67%), respectively, district years with at least one HC signal. Individual meningitis epidemics expanded little in space, suggesting that a health centre level analysis is most appropriate for epidemic surveillance. Epidemic surveillance could gain in precision and timeliness by higher spatial resolution. The optimal threshold should be defined depending on the current background incidence of bacterial meningitis.

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“…There is no standard for defining epidemic events at the HC level, but previous studies in Burkina Faso (Tall et al. 2012) and Niger (Maïnassara et al. 2016) used 75 and 20 cases/week per 100,000 inhabitants for ≥2 weeks, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Dust, Early Cases, and Localized Meningitis Epidemics in the African Meningitis Belt: An Analysis Using High Spatial Resolution Data

Woringer

Martiny

Porgho

et al. 2018

Environ Health Perspect

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Serogroup-Specific Characteristics of Localized Meningococcal Meningitis Epidemics in Niger 2002–2012 and 2015: Analysis of Health Center Level Surveillance Data

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of response strategies against epidemics due to Neisseria meningitidis C in Niger

Evaluation of response strategies against epidemics due to Neisseria meningitidis C in Niger

High-spatial resolution epidemic surveillance of bacterial meningitis in the African meningitis belt in Burkina Faso

Atmospheric Dust, Early Cases, and Localized Meningitis Epidemics in the African Meningitis Belt: An Analysis Using High Spatial Resolution Data

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