Seroepidemiology of Human Retroviruses in Ogun State of Nigeria

Abstract

We analyzed sera collected during 1987 and 1988 from 385 healthy business employees of both sexes, of Ogun state in Nigeria, for antibodies to the 3 human retroviruses HIV-1, HIV-2 and HTLV-I. No serum was HIV-1 positive, 1 was HIV-2 positive and 2 were HTLV-I positive. A few sera were false-positive in the antibody screening tests which preceded the confirmatory antibody tests. In the confirmatory tests, we found that in the HIV-1 Western blot test 1 serum reacted only with the HIV-1 gag protein p17, and 2 sera reacted only with the HIV-1 pol proteins p64, p53 and p31. None of these reactivities fulfill internationally accepted criteria for HIV-1 seropositivity. We conclude that HIV-1 was rare in the study population and that HIV-2 and HTLV-I are present at a low frequency. The false positive serological reactions observed are similar to those described previously from Africa and elsewhere. The findings emphasize the importance of routinely testing blood donations for antibodies to these retroviruses in Nigeria.

Serosurvey of human T cell lymphotropic virus I/II among blood donors in Gombe (Nigeria)

“…A recent study from Enugu in South-eastern Nigeria also reported a similar zero (0%) prevalence among prospective blood donors [19]. Some other Nigerian studies have also reported low prevalence of HTLV among different population groups [20,21]. Low prevalence rates have also been reported from some African countries with 0.16% in Dakar, Senegal and 2.3% in Guinea Bissau [22,23].…”

“…More than half of the studies on HTLV carried out in Nigeria utilized only ELISA or other antibody detection methods as means of identifying the virus (Table 3) [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. This has shown that many of the studies done in Nigeria are without confirmatory tests thereby leaving…”

“…Forbi JC and 2007 Ibadan Odetunde A [24] Olusanya et al [43] Yakubu Munkaila Sheriff -Acquisition of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published Omoruyi Ewean Chukwuma -Acquisition of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published Ibrahim Musa Yola -Analysis and interpretation of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published Rasheed Ajani Bakare -Substantial contributions to conception and design, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published…”

How do socioeconomic determinants of health affect the likelihood of living with HTLV-1 globally? A systematic review with meta-analysis

“…Data were included from over 500,000 participants in 11 countries. Thirty-six studies (86%) took place in LMICs, with 16 (38%) taking place in Brazil ( 2 , 21–35 ) and the rest being carried out in Peru ( 36–38 ), Guadeloupe ( 39 , 40 ), Mozambique ( 41 ), Nigeria ( 42 , 43 ), Iran ( 44–50 ), Jamaica ( 51 ), Gabon ( 52 ) and Panama ( 53 ) ( Supplementary Table S3 ). Thirty-seven papers assessed level of education in relation to HTLV-1 infection ( 21–39 , 41 , 42 , 44–51 , 54–61 ).…”

“…Thirty-seven papers assessed level of education in relation to HTLV-1 infection ( 21–39 , 41 , 42 , 44–51 , 54–61 ). Eighteen papers assessed income ( 23 , 26–30 , 33 , 35 , 39 , 40 , 43 , 47 , 48 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 56 , 62 ), and six assessed employment status ( 42 , 47 , 50 , 52 , 55 , 59 ). The characteristics of selected studies are summarized in Supplementary Table S3 .…”