Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B virus infection in Saudi children 8 years after a mass hepatitis B vaccination programme

AI-Faleh, Faleh Z.; AI-Jeffri, Mohammad; Ramia, S.; AI-Rashed, Rashed; Arif, Mohammad; Rezeig, Mohammed; AI-Toraif, Ibrahim; Bakhsh, M Amin; Mishkkhas, Amin A.; Makki, Omer; AI-Freihi, Hussein; Mirdad, Soleman; AlJuma, Abdulrahman; Yasin, Tareq; Al-Swailem, A. R.; Ayoola, Ayobanji E.

doi:10.1016/s0163-4453(99)90245-1

Cited by 99 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, duration and the quality of long term protection from HB infection in healthy vaccinees remain a matter of discussion [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . Especially the T cell response to hepatitis B vaccine has not been fully characterized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long term persistence of T cell memory to HBsAg after hepatitis B vaccination

Wang¹,

Boland²,

Hattum³

et al. 2004

WJG

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AIM:To determine if the T cell memory to HBsAg can persist for a long time after hepatitis B (HB) vaccination. METHODS:Thirty one vaccine recipients who were healthcare workers (18 females and 13 males aged 34-58 years) from Utrecht University Hospital, Netherlands, and had previously received a standard course of vaccination for hepatitis B were investigated and another 9 unvaccinated healthy volunteers from the same hospital were used as the control. Blood samples were taken just before the experiment to test serum anti-HBs levels and the subjects were classified into different groups according to their serum titers of antiHBs and vaccination history. Their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from freshly heparinized venous blood and the proliferative response of T lymphocytes to the recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was investigated. RESULTS:Positive serum anti-HBs was found in 61.3% (19/31) vaccine recipients and a significant in vitro lymphocyte proliferative response to recombinant HBsAg was observed in all the vaccinees with positive anti-HBs. Serum anti-HBs level 10 IU/L was found in 38.7% (12/31) subjects. In this study, we specially focused on lymphocyte proliferative response to recombinant HBsAg in those vaccine recipients with serum anti-HBsAg less than 10 IU/L. Most of them had received a standard course of vaccination about 10 years before. T lymphocyte proliferative response was found positive in 7 of the 12 vaccine recipients. These results confirmed that HBsAg-specific memory T cells remained detectable in the circulation for a long time after vaccination, even when serum anti-HBs level had been undetectable. CONCLUSION:The T cell memory to HBsAg can persist for at least 10 years after HB vaccination. Further booster injection is not necessary in healthy responders to HB vaccine.Wang RX, Boland GJ, van Hattum J, de Gast GC. Long term persistence of T cell memory to HBsAg after hepatitis B vaccination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The antibody response to HB vaccine has been found occurring in more than 90% of the healthy vaccinees [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . Kinetic studies showed serum anti-HBs levels decreased with time following vaccination [5,9,14,16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term persistence of T cell memory to HBsAg after hepatitis B vaccination

Wang¹,

Boland²,

Hattum³

et al. 2004

WJG

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“…103,104 Population-based studies in areas with a high endemicity of HBV infection have demonstrated that active immunization is highly effective in preventing infection when the first dose is administered soon after birth, the second at age 1-2 months, and the third at age 6-8 months. [105][106][107] All pregnant women should be tested routinely for HBsAg during an early prenatal visit (e.g., first trimester) in each pregnancy, even if they have been previously vaccinated or tested. Women who were not screened prenatally, those who engage in behaviors that put them at high risk for infection (e.g., injection-drug use, having had more than one sex partner in the previous 6 months or an HBsAg-positive sex partner, evaluation or treatment for a sexually transmitted disease, or recent or current injection-drug use) and those with clinical hepatitis should be tested at the time of admission to the hospital for delivery.…”

Section: Postnatal (Postpartum) Stage Interventions Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Pregnancy

Kumar

Singh

Sinha

2012

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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Planning of pregnancy and management of chronic hepatitis B virus during pregnancy includes recognition of maternal virological status, assessment of liver disease severity and minimization of risk for mother to infant transmission of infection. Decisions regarding the use of antivirals during pregnancy need to be individualized. Monitoring for infection and immunization in newborns is also important. For mothers on antiviral therapy, breastfeeding is not recommended. ( J CLIN EXP HEPATOL 2012;2:366-381) A pproximately 400 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide, 1 and almost half have acquired their infections either through mother to infant transmission or in early childhood, especially in countries where HBV has intermediate to high prevalence.2 In Asia, 8%-10% of the population is chronically infected with HBV, and up to 50% of new cases of hepatitis B infection are due to mother to infant transmission.3 In contrast, the majority of new hepatitis B cases in developed countries are the result of horizontal transmission in adulthood. Before the adoption of standard passive-active immunoprophylaxis treatment, approximately 70%-90% of infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive mothers became chronically infected with HBV. 4 The mother to infant transmission rate was reduced to 5%-10% when infants received appropriate postnatal hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) and a series of HBV vaccines. However, despite passive-active immunoprophylaxis provided to infants, up to 8%-30% of infants born to highly viremic mothers still become infected with HBV (Figures 1-3). This review will address several issues important to chronic hepatitis B virus infection and pregnancy including effect of pregnancy on chronic HBV infection, effect of chronic HBV infection on pregnancy, mother to infant transmission, safety data on HBV antivirals during pregnancy, management of chronic HBV infection in women who desire pregnancy or become pregnant while taking antivirals. PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN INDIAThe prevalence of chronic HBV infection varies widely, with rates ranging from 0.1% to 20% in different parts of the world.2 "High" prevalence (HBsAg positivity rates > 8%) regions include the Asia (except Japan), parts of the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Amazon basin. "Intermediate" (2%-7% HBsAg positive) prevalence regions include, the Indian subcontinent, parts of central Asia and the Middle East, Eastern and Southern Europe, as well as parts of South America. "Low" prevalence (<2% HBsAg positive) regions include the United States, Northern Europe, Australia, Japan and the southern part of South America. Overall, 45% of the world population lives in "high" prevalence regions.The HBsAg positivity rate of Hepatitis B in India is different in the different regions of the country. The overall chronic HBsAg positivity rate is often quoted as being 4.7%.5 In India, the prevalence rate of HBsAg...

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“…The decline in HBVrelated liver disease as an indication for LT is likely related both to the various mass screening programs in the Kingdom, which have enabled the detection of chronically infected HBV patients at various disease stages, and to the introduction of effective antiviral treatment [19][20][21][22][23][24] . Interestingly, similar observations have been noted in various studies from Europe, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, where massive reductions in HBV-related disease as an indication for LT have been reported [25,26] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus: Decreasing indication and changing trends

Al–Hamoudi¹

2015

WJG

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Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B virus infection in Saudi children 8 years after a mass hepatitis B vaccination programme

Cited by 99 publications

References 19 publications

Long term persistence of T cell memory to HBsAg after hepatitis B vaccination

Long term persistence of T cell memory to HBsAg after hepatitis B vaccination

Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Pregnancy

Liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus: Decreasing indication and changing trends

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