Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A virus in children of different age groups in Tehran, Iran: Implications for health policy

Sofian, Masoomeh; Aghakhani, Arezoo; Farazi, Aliasghar; Banifazl, Mohammad; Etemadi, Gelavizh; Azad-Armaki, Saeed; Ziazarifi, Abolhassan; Abhari, Zohreh; Eslamifar, Ali; Khadem-Sadegh, Akbar; Izadi, Nabiallah; Ramezani, Amitis

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2010.02.004

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…HAV seroprevalence was 86.76% in 17-year-old adolescents in the Golestan province (13), 61.6% in individuals under 20 who were referred to a hospital in Tehran (14), 79.3% in 15 to 20-year-old persons referred for pre-marriage consultations in the Fars province (9), 64.7% in 15 to 24-year-old adolescents in Mashhad in the Razavi Khorasan province (15), and 79.4% in 16 to 29-year-olds in Shiraz, the provincial city of the Fars province (8). In contrast, HAV seroprevalence was 38.9% in under 25-year-olds in Sari (center of Mazanderan province) (16), 10% in 6-20-year-olds in a population- based study in Isfahan province (17), and 3.9% in children under 15 in Kashan (in the Isfahan province) (18), which are much lower than in other reports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis A in 10 to 18-Year-Old Adolescents of Sixteen Iranian Provinces: The CASPIAN-III Study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundHepatitis A is a common health concern both in developing and developed countries. Hygienic and socioeconomic parameters deeply impact the prevalence and transmission of this disease. Evaluating the epidemiological distribution and risk factors for Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is necessary for policy makers to improve local and national preventive measures.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of hepatitis A infection in a sample of Iranian adolescents living in different provinces of Iran and to assess its family- and community-related risk factors.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, serum samples of 10 to 18-year-old adolescents, who were studied in a national health survey, were examined for anti-HAV antibodies. A total of 2,494 subjects were included from 16 provinces by multistage random cluster sampling. Demographic and socioeconomic factors related to HAV transmission were extracted by valid questionnaires. A multilevel analysis using mixed-effects logistic regression (melogit) was used to evaluate the association of risk factors with HAV infection.ResultsThe weighted prevalence of HAV varied significantly across the studied provinces (P = 0.001), ranging from 50.43% in the Fars province to 78.81% in Markazi province. HAV was significantly more prevalent in children whose mothers worked outside of the home (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.14-2.62; P = 0.009).ConclusionsThe risk of symptomatic HAV infection is considerable in adolescents of all studied provinces; thus, universal HAV vaccination is recommended for all adolescents, regardless of their socioeconomic level. However, the risk is higher in some provinces, which seem to be transitioning from intermediate to low endemicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis A in 10 to 18-Year-Old Adolescents of Sixteen Iranian Provinces: The CASPIAN-III Study

et al. 2016

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“…In Saffar et al's study on HAV seroprevalence in individuals aged 1 to 30 years in Savadkooh, the data showed that the anti-HAV seroprevalence rate increased significantly with age from 5.7% in the age group of 1 to 2.9 years to 34.8% in adolescents (24). Altogether, studies by Alian et al (16), Mehr et al (17), and Sofian et al (18) in different parts of Iran and on various age groups showed inconsistencies in seroepidemiology of HAV between different age groups and within the same age group of different regions. However, it seems that there is a declining trend in terms of immunity level against hepatitis A in Iranian children and a gradual shift for occurrence of HAV infection in adulthood that urge active immunization via vaccination against this virus (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The city does not have many industries and is surrounded by deserts (19). Based on Sofian et al (18), the minimum sample size was determined by using the statistical formula of Fisher for calculating sample size (z 2 pq/d 2 ) Where; N = Minimum sample size for a statistically significant survey, Z = Normal deviant at the portion of 95% confidence interval = 1.96, P = prevalence value of total anti-HAV of 61% (P = 0.61), q = 1-p (q = 0.39), and d = margin of error acceptable or measure of precision = 0.05 as n=65. In order to increase the precision of the study, the sample size was estimated as 300.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, several studies have been conducted to investigate the seroepidemiology of hepatitis A in Iran, reporting a decreasing trend in terms of the immunity level against hepatitis A among Iranian children and a gradual shift for occurrence of HAV infection in adulthood (16)(17)(18). Enquiries into the prevalence of diseases are of great importance in health policy making.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Seroepidemiologic Study of Hepatitis A in Seven to Eighteen-Year-Old School Children in Birjand: New Concerns and Opportunities

et al. 2018

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Background: Hepatitis A is globally spread and is an important public health problem. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the seroepidemiology of hepatitis A in students aged seven to eighteen years in Birjand, during year 2016. Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytic research, in which 300 school children aged seven to eighteen years in Birjand city were selected through the cluster sampling method. Subsequently, participants and their parents were requested to fill the questionnaire and were referred to the laboratory for blood sampling in order to examine hepatitis A antibody titer. Data were analyzed using SPSS-21 software and the chi-square test. Results: Hepatitis A antibody test was positive for only 111 out of 300 participants (37%). Females (P = 0.009) and teenagers (P = 0.0001) had significantly higher levels of antibody against HAV. There was a significant difference between the presence of hepatitis A antibody, education level of the mothers of the studied individuals (P = 0.042), and the social level and size of the family (P = 0.041). However, no difference was seen regarding fathers' literacy level (P = 0.284). Conclusions:The findings of the study showed that immunity against HAV was reduced during the past years. The reduced level of immunity against HAV along with several major risk factors for HAV infection, such as neighboring with Afghanistan and health hazards of hepatitis A for Iranian pilgrims visiting Karbala-based shrines in Iraq suggest anti-HAV vaccination as an essential priority.

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“…More than 80% of patients with early signs of the disease will develop in the first three decades of their life, but even disease has also been reported in later decades of life [2]. Iran is among the countries where hepatitis A infection is endemic and high prevalence rate in 6 months to 1.9 year children have been reported (61.5%) [8]. Increases in incidence has been reported with age between 85 to 99% in different part of the country [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Undiagnosed Wilson?s Disease after Hepatitis A Virus Infection

Dabiri¹,

Alizadeh²

2013

J Liver

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Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A virus in children of different age groups in Tehran, Iran: Implications for health policy

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Comparison of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis A in 10 to 18-Year-Old Adolescents of Sixteen Iranian Provinces: The CASPIAN-III Study

Comparison of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis A in 10 to 18-Year-Old Adolescents of Sixteen Iranian Provinces: The CASPIAN-III Study

A Seroepidemiologic Study of Hepatitis A in Seven to Eighteen-Year-Old School Children in Birjand: New Concerns and Opportunities

Detection of Undiagnosed Wilson?s Disease after Hepatitis A Virus Infection

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