Seroepidemiology and Associated Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii in Hemodialysis Patients

Saadat, Farshid; Mahmoudi, Mahdi; Rajabi, Ebrahim; Roshan, Zahra Atrkar; Shad, Bijan; Karanis, Panagiotis

doi:10.1007/s11686-020-00238-7

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…were higher in the age group (43-51) year, .the reason for this is that the total prevalence of antibodies has gradually increased with age and patients weakened immunity . With regard to the effect of educational level factor, this study no statistically significant differences between levels of education, both between patients and healthy people , were showed that educational level (6-12) showed significantly higher serum positivity (P = 0.0068) than their peers (Odds ratio:10,000).This result is identical to Saadat [30], a study were seroprevalence of T. gondii infection did not vary significantly with educational level. Despite this result, most children suffer from weak immune systems and are therefore most susceptible to toxoplasmosis at this stage, they can also contract this infection by accidentally swallowing soil or eating undercooked fruits or vegetables contaminated with cat feces from a cat with toxoplasmosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Impact of Toxoplasmosis in Im-mune Respons in Hemodialysis Patients

Salem¹,

Shaker²,

Mohammed³

2022

DJM

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Background:Toxoplasma gondii is the most common infection of protozoa, affecting a wide range of hosts. Toxoplasmosis is usually asymptomatic in immu-nocompetent persons, but in immunocompromised persons (ex:patients on dialysis) significant problems can ensure, and may progress to a life-threatening infection. Objective: To investigate the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma anti-bodies in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Baquba / Iraq . Patients and Methods: A group of blood samples, consisting of 75 dial-ysis patients and 50 healthy controls, were examined for the detection of anti-toxoplasma antibodies in Baquba Governorate from November 2020 to April 2021 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG and IgM. Results: The total numbers of the 125 samples were examined, 32 (44.0%) and 2 (4.0%) were IgG-positive for both patients and healthy individual respectively, and the results of the current study showed only 1 (1.33%) was seropositive IgM for patient group, while no seroposi-tive healthy subjects was found for IgM . The results showed that the percentage of seropositivity was higher in 17 males (40.47%) than in females 15 (45.45%) in the group of patients, but the differences were not statistically significant . As for the age groups, a positive increase was observed in the age group 11-30 years when comparing patients and healthy people, as the percentage reached 5 (29.41%). It was also ob-served that the highest seropositivity in the education levels was in the group of patients at the educational level 6-12 (45.45%) than in the healthy controls group, but the differences were not statistically signifi-cant between education levels. Patients living in urban areas had signifi-cantly higher serum (P = 0.0041) than patients in rural areas, and the odds ratio was 22,000. And those who had contact with cats showed a significant increase in seropositivity p = 0.0466 and odds ratio was 20.5789. Conclusion: Dialysis patients are at risk for toxoplasmosis and should be screened on a regular basis to prevent the disease from spreading dur-ing hemodialysis. Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, Hemodialysis, Antibodies ,IgG

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Impact of Toxoplasmosis in Im-mune Respons in Hemodialysis Patients

Salem¹,

Shaker²,

Mohammed³

2022

DJM

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“…Exposure to T. gondii may cause acute or chronic damage to the kidney, triggering injury, which can affect the exposure over their life course. Prior studies have found a link between undergoing dialysis and an increased rate of T. gondii infection [35,36], but there has not been a thorough investigation of the association of Toxoplasma with CKD in the USA population. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate this association along with common risk factors of CKD.…”

Section: Association Of Toxoplasma and Ckd After Adjusting For Co-variatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Toxoplasma gondii IgG Antibody and Chronic Kidney Disease Biomarkers

2022

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Background: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a parasite that infects more than 40 million Americans and causes toxoplasmosis. Most cases of toxoplasmosis are asymptomatic; however, T. gondii is capable of invading organs like the kidney, causing chronic infections and cell destruction. Methods: This study focused on evaluating the association between T. gondii exposure and chronic kidney disease (CKD) using data from the 2009–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). T. gondii exposure was assessed using Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody status, and the status of CKD was assessed using the CKD biomarkers. The evaluation of risk rate and population prevalence was performed. In addition, multivariable regression models were used to further investigate this association after adjusting for sociodemographic, anthropometric, behavioral, and clinical covariates commonly associated with kidney dysfunction. Results: The positive T. gondii IgG antibody participants had significantly higher levels of CKD biomarkers, including second albumin-to-creatinine ratio (p = 0.0376), second albuminuria (p = 0.0005), and persistent albuminuria (p < 0.0001) compared to the negative participants. Furthermore, there were statistical associations between T. gondii exposure and the status of CKD (negative vs. positive) (p = 0.0001), and between T. gondii exposure and the CKD stage (negative, stage 1, …, stage 5) (p = 0.0004). Without adjusting for age, the positive T. gondii participants had a significantly higher risk (27% higher) of having CKD than the negative participants (RRcrude = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.09–1.49). The age-adjusted prevalence of CKD was higher among Toxoplasma-positive participants compared to the Toxoplasma-negative participants (10.45 vs. 8.99). T. gondii infection was significantly associated with CKD (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.06–1.84, p = 0.00447) after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and BMI. Age was positively associated with CKD (OR = 8.89, 95% CI = 6.31–12.51, p < 0.0001) with the participants 45+ years old being 8.89 times more likely to have CKD than those who are <45 years old, after adjusting for T. gondii infection, gender, race/ethnicity, and BMI. Moreover, positive T. gondii increased the odds of CKD progression (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.07–1.86, p = 0.0424). Conclusions: Positive T. gondii IgG antibody is associated with CKD and the progression of CKD stages. This association is more apparent among older people. Further investigations are needed to examine these findings in different geographical locations and among differentially exposed populations.

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“…However, our records were lower than those of Hamza et al [9] , who discovered T. gondii seropositivity among adult hemodialysis patients (61.7%) and renal transplant recipients (70.0%) in Alexandria Governorate. Similarly, it is lower than rates in other nations such as Iran (74-76.8%) [1,7] , Turkey (56.0%-76.5%) [22] , and Mexico (56.7%) [23] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic illness caused by T. gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan [1] . It is a largely undiagnosed, highly neglected disease that can be fatal in humans and animals worldwide [2] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seropositivity of toxoplasmosis among hemodialysis children patients at Zagazig University Pediatrics Hospital, Egypt

Sarhan

2022

Parasitologists United Journal

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Background: Toxoplasmosis is a universal opportunistic infection that causes severe complications in immunosuppressed patients. Renal failure is a state of immunodeficiency, especially in children. Therefore, hemodialysis patients may be at high risk for toxoplasmosis. Objective: To investigate the seropositivity rate of T. gondii specific antibodies (anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies) in pediatric hemodialysis patients. Subjects and Methods: ELISA was used to test serum samples from 67 children on regular hemodialysis and 50 healthy controls for anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies in this case-control research. Demographic criteria, duration of hemodialysis, and possible risk factors for toxoplasmosis were recorded. All participants were clinically examined to detect any signs suggestive of toxoplasmosis. Results: In comparison to total T. gondii seropositivity in all participants (23%), it was 16% and 28% in control and hemodialysis groups, respectively. The IgG antibodies were detected in 19 hemodialysis cases and eight control cases. The mean duration of hemodialysis among T. gondii seropositive and seronegative patients were 47.6±14.3 and 22.3±6.7 months, respectively. Among T. gondii seropositive individuals, the average duration of hemodialysis was substantially longer. In the examined groups, contact with cats and eating semi-cooked meat were the risk factors recorded for T. gondii seropositivity. Conclusion: Toxoplasmosis seropositivity rate was higher in hemodialysis children than in the control group. For early identification and treatment, T. gondii screening should be done for all hemodialysis patients before and during hemodialysis.

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Seroepidemiology and Associated Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii in Hemodialysis Patients

Cited by 11 publications

References 52 publications

Impact of Toxoplasmosis in Im-mune Respons in Hemodialysis Patients

Impact of Toxoplasmosis in Im-mune Respons in Hemodialysis Patients

The Association of Toxoplasma gondii IgG Antibody and Chronic Kidney Disease Biomarkers

Seropositivity of toxoplasmosis among hemodialysis children patients at Zagazig University Pediatrics Hospital, Egypt

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