Séroépidémiologie de la rubéole, de la varicelle et des infections par le cytomégalovirus et le parvovirus B19 chez les femmes enceintes dans la région de Sousse, Tunisie

Abstract

The aim of the study is to evaluate seroprevalence of rubella virus (RV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and parvovirus B19 (PB19) in 404 Tunisian pregnant women, and to determine reliability of maternal past history of eruption. Sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, and past history of eruption were collected through a questionnaire. Serologic tests were performed using enzyme immunoassays. Risk factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Seroprevalences were 79.7% for rubella, 96.3% for CMV, 80.9% for VZV, and 76.2% for PB19. In multivariate analysis, the number of persons per room (> 2) in the house during childhood was associated with CMV infection (P = 0.004), irregular professional husband's activity was correlated with VZV infection (P = 0.04), and an age of more than 30 years was associated with PB19 infection (P = 0.02). History of rubella, varicella, and PB19 infection was unknown for, respectively, 55.8%, 20%, and 100% of women. False history of rubella and varicella were found for 7.4% and 15% of women, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of rubella history were, respectively, 92.6% and 17.2%, and were, respectively, 84.9% and 20.9% for varicella history. Susceptibility to RV, VZV, and PB19 infection remains high in pregnancy in our population. Preventive strategies against congenital rubella must be reinforced. Vaccination against VZV should be considered in seronegative women. Systemic CMV screening is not warranted in our country where high immunity is acquired probably in childhood. Since maternal history of eruption is not reliable, we recommend serologic testing to determine immune status of women.

Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus among pregnant women and hospitalized children in Palestine

“…The seroprevalence of HCMV IgG among pregnant Palestinian women and children as presented here is comparable to regional studies from Egypt [ 36 ], Qatar [ 30 ], Tunisia [ 37 ], Bahrain [ 38 ], Iraq [ 39 ], Iran [ 4 ],Turkey [ 28 ], [ 29 ]) and ranks among countries with high seroprevalence, comparable to Brazil, Cuba, Japan and Taiwan [ 24 - 27 , 40 , 41 ]. Lower regional seroprevalence is reported from Sudan at a rate of 72% among pregnant women [ 42 ] and Syria at a rate of 74.5% among college female students [ 43 ].…”

Distribution of Cytomegalovirus Genotypes among Neonates Born to Infected Mothers in Islamabad, Pakistan

“…The seroprevalence of HCMV IgG in pregnant women in this study (97.55%) was comparable to a regional study carried out in the KPK province of Pakistan [ 21 ] as well as other countries such as Qatar [ 22 ], Egypt [ 23 ], Tunisia [ 24 ], Iraq [ 25 ], Iran [ 26 ], Brazil [ 27 ] and Turkey [ 28 ]. All these studies have reported higher seroprevalence rates than developed countries such as the United Kingdom [ 24 ] and Germany [ 29 ].…”

Frequency of Human Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus-1 Antigens in Product of Conceptus Tissues of Pregnant Women With Spontaneous Abortion

“…However, other studies showed higher rate than result of present study, which reported a detection rates ranged between 62.3% and 81.1% (19,20) . When compare to studies conducted in Arabic countries such as Tunisia, where a 96.3% seroprevalence of HCMV antibody was reported among 404 Tunisian pregnant women (21) . High frequency rate could therefore be related to a higher risk of infection, but it may also be related to use less sensitive diagnostic methods such as virus culture in certain areas compare with other technique.…”