Seroepidemiological study of infection with West Nile virus in Karachi, Pakistan, in 1983 and 1985

Sugamata, Miho; Ahmed, Akhtar; Miura, Teiji; Takasu, Toshiaki; Kono, Reisaku; Ogata, Takayuki; Kimura‐Kuroda, Junko; Yasui, Kotaro

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890260304

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…A similar situation exists in some areas of India and Pakistan, where both West Nile and JE viruses infect humans. 34,35 The potential exists for JE virus to become established in enzootic cycles on Cape York Peninsula, since there are extensive swamps and wetlands that possess significant populations of wild pigs, ardeid waterbirds, and Cx. annulirostris mosquitoes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flaviviruses isolated from mosquitoes collected during the first recorded outbreak of Japanese encephalitis virus on Cape York Peninsula, Australia.

Hurk

Johansen²,

Zborowski³

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In response to an outbreak of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus on Cape York Peninsula, Australia, in 1998, mosquitoes were collected using CO 2 and octenol-baited Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps. A total of 35,235 adult mosquitoes, comprising 31 species, were processed for virus isolation. No isolates of JE virus were recovered from these mosquitoes. However, 18 isolates of Kokobera virus, another flavivirus were obtained from Culex annulirostris. Twelve isolates were from western Cape York (minimum infection rate (MIR) of 0.61: 1,000 mosquitoes) and 6 were from the Northern Peninsula Area (MIR of 1.0:1,000). Potential explanations for the failure to detect JE virus in mosquitoes collected from Cape York Peninsula include the timing of collections, the presence of alternative bloodmeal hosts, differences in pig husbandry, asynchronous porcine seroconversion, and the presence of other flaviviruses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flaviviruses isolated from mosquitoes collected during the first recorded outbreak of Japanese encephalitis virus on Cape York Peninsula, Australia.

Hurk

Johansen²,

Zborowski³

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Occurrence of WNV and JEV has also been reported in countries neighbouring Pakistan (India, China, Iran) [6][7][8]. From 1968 to 1994, a few clinical, serological and epidemiological studies indicated the presence of WNV and JEV in Pakistan [9][10][11][12][13]. Data are totally nonexistent regarding the prevalence of WNV and JEV for the subsequent years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

High prevalence of West Nile virus in equines from the two provinces of Pakistan

et al. 2014

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This study describes the first large-scale serosurvey on West Nile virus (WNV) conducted in the equine population in Pakistan. Sera were collected from 449 equids from two provinces of Pakistan during 2012-2013. Equine serum samples were screened using a commercial ELISA kit detecting antibodies against WNV and related flaviviruses. ELISA-positive samples were further investigated using virus-specific microneutralization tests (MNTs) to identify infections with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), WNV and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Anti-WNV antibodies were detected in 292 samples by ELISA (seroprevalence 65.0%) and WNV infections were confirmed in 249 animals by MNT. However, there was no animal found infected by JEV or TBEV. The detection of WNV-seropositive equines in Pakistan strongly suggests a widespread circulation of WNV in Pakistan.

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“…The recent lineage 5 isolates reported from northeastern India were more neuroinvasive and pathogenic in mice than Indian isolates from 1982 and earlier [ 86 ]. Cases of WNND have also been reported from Pakistan along with human seroprevalences ranging from 12 to 54% [ 206 – 209 ].…”

Section: Wnv In Southern and Eastern Asia Australia And Oceaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Ecology and Epidemiology of West Nile Virus

Chancey

Grinev

Volkova

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

429

413

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Since its initial isolation in Uganda in 1937 through the present, West Nile virus (WNV) has become an important cause of human and animal disease worldwide. WNV, an enveloped virus of the genus Flavivirus, is naturally maintained in an enzootic cycle between birds and mosquitoes, with occasional epizootic spillover causing disease in humans and horses. The mosquito vectors for WNV are widely distributed worldwide, and the known geographic range of WNV transmission and disease has continued to increase over the past 77 years. While most human infections with WNV are asymptomatic, severe neurological disease may develop resulting in long-term sequelae or death. Surveillance and preventive measures are an ongoing need to reduce the public health impact of WNV in areas with the potential for transmission.

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Seroepidemiological study of infection with West Nile virus in Karachi, Pakistan, in 1983 and 1985

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

Flaviviruses isolated from mosquitoes collected during the first recorded outbreak of Japanese encephalitis virus on Cape York Peninsula, Australia.

Flaviviruses isolated from mosquitoes collected during the first recorded outbreak of Japanese encephalitis virus on Cape York Peninsula, Australia.

High prevalence of West Nile virus in equines from the two provinces of Pakistan

The Global Ecology and Epidemiology of West Nile Virus

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