Seroepidemiological study of an acute hepatitis E outbreak in Morocco

Benjelloun, Soumaya; Bahbouhi, Bouchaib; Bouchrit, N; Cherkaoui, L.; Hda, Nezha; Mahjour, Jaouad; Benslimane, A.

doi:10.1016/s0923-2516(97)88365-3

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A study by Kamel et al on the seroepidemiology of HEV infection in an entire village population located in the Egyptian Nile delta showed seropositivity of 5.19% in the age group < 5 years, increasing progressively and peaking at 33.33% in the age group 20-24 years [20]. This pattern of increasing anti-HEV IgG levels might be explained by the cohort effect [15,21], or by failure of young children to mount a brisk anti-HEV response [4,15,22], rapid decay of anti-HEV antibodies occurring after the initial acquisition of infection [10,22,23] or if a large dose of virus is required to cause infection [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in 2-25-year-olds in Sari district, Islamic Republic of Iran

Farhadi²,

Ajami³

et al. 2009

East Mediterr Health J

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The seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection (HEV) in children and young adults was determined in a community-based survey in an area of northern Islamic Republic of Iran. Serum samples were taken from 1080 randomly selected apparently healthy 2-25-year-olds from urban and rural regions of Sari district. Anti-HEV IgG antibodies were detected in 25 individuals (2.3%). Seroprevalence increased significantly with age from 3/255 (1.2%) in children < 10 years to 8/110 (7.3%) in those aged 20-25 years. No differences in HEV status were noted between the sexes. Earlier age at exposure to infection and a higher infection rate were found in people residing in rural areas than in urban areas.Séroépidémiologie de l'infection par le virus de l'hépatite E chez les enfants et les jeunes de 2 à 25 ans dans le district de Sari (République islamique d'Iran) RÉSUMÉ La séroprévalence de l'infection par le virus de l'hépatite E (VHE) chez les enfants et les jeunes adultes a été déterminée grâce à une enquête communautaire réalisée dans une région du nord de la République islamique d'Iran. Des échantillons de sérum ont été prélevés sur 1 080 enfants et jeunes âgés de 2 à 25 ans sélectionnés au hasard, apparemment en bonne santé, qui venaient de régions urbaines et rurales du district de Sari. Des anticorps anti-VHE de type IgG ont été détectés chez 25 sujets (2,3 %). La séroprévalence augmentait significativement avec l'âge, de 3 sur 255 (1,2 %) chez les enfants de moins de 10 ans à 8 sur 110 (7,3 %) chez les jeunes âgés de 20 à 25 ans. Aucune différence n'a été observée entre les deux sexes quant à la sérologie VHE. L'enquête a montré que les personnes vivant en zone rurale étaient exposées plus jeunes à l'infection et connaissaient un taux d'infection plus élevé que celles vivant en zone urbaine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in 2-25-year-olds in Sari district, Islamic Republic of Iran

Farhadi²,

Ajami³

et al. 2009

East Mediterr Health J

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“…There have been reports of age-specific anti-HEV prevalence from convenience samples, 11,[19][20][21] mixed population samples, 5 and some population-based studies. [22][23][24][25][26][27] Although seroprevalence has differed among the studies, these reports have consistently demonstrated relatively lower seroprevalence in the first decade, rising in the second decade, and then leveling off.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E in two rural Egyptian communities.

Fix

Abdel‐Hamid²,

Purcell³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

112

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Abstract. A population-based serosurvey in two rural Egyptian communities was used to assess age-specific prevalence of antibody to hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV). One community is in the Nile Delta (11,182 inhabitants; 3,997 participants) and the other in Upper Egypt (10,970 inhabitants; 6,029 participants). Samples were tested for anti-HEV with a commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) based on antigens derived from open reading frame (ORF)2 and ORF3. Although there was a clear difference in sensitivity among the lots of the commercial test used, it was still possible to determine the seroprevalence. The seroprevalence of anti-HEV exceeded 60% in the first decade of life, peaked at 76% in the second decade and remained above 60% until the eighth decade. Prevalence of this magnitude is among the highest reported in the world, with an age-specific pattern more similar to hyperendemic hepatitis A virus transmission than generally described. Lot-to-lot variation in the sensitivity of the commercial ELISA kit highlights a problem when comparing seroepidemiologic studies of different populations.

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“…30 More recent reports of hepatitis E have emerged from many other African countries. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] In southern Africa, surveys in South Africans and in Mozambican refugees living in Swaziland have shown serologic evidence of HEV infection, [35][36][37] but no actual disease has been documented by detection of HEV in clinical specimens. This report of hepatitis E in southern Africa is the first to unambiguously document cases by detection of HEV in patient specimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 In the past decade, hepatitis E has been shown to be the cause of sporadic and epidemic hepatitis across central and south Asia, 2 and in northern and subSaharan Africa. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] One of the largest outbreaks of hepatitis E, in Delhi, India (1955) was identified retrospectively by identification of antibodies to HEV in archived serum specimens. 12 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests to detect HEV RNA 8,13,14 and improved serology for HEV [15][16][17][18] have greatly increased the ability of reference laboratories to identify hepatitis E disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An outbreak of hepatitis E in Northern Namibia, 1983.

Isaäcson

Frean²,

He³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In 1983 in Namibia's Kavango region, epidemic jaundice affected hundreds of people living in settlements lacking potable water and waste disposal facilities. Many were Angolan refugees. The disease, which after investigation was designated non-A non-B hepatitis, was most common in males (72%), in persons aged 15-39 years, and was usually mild except in pregnant women, who incurred 6 (86%) of the 7 fatal infections. Fifteen years later, archived outbreak-associated samples were analyzed. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was detected by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction in feces from 9 of 16 patients tested. Total Ig and IgM to HEV were quantitated in serum from 24 residents of an affected settlement at the outbreak's end: 42% had IgM diagnostic of recent infection and 25% had elevated total Ig without IgM, consistent with past HEV infection. The Namibia outbreak was typical hepatitis E clinically and epidemiologically. This first report of hepatitis E confirmed by virus detection from southern Africa extends the known range of HEV and highlights its risk for refugees.

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Seroepidemiological study of an acute hepatitis E outbreak in Morocco

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in 2-25-year-olds in Sari district, Islamic Republic of Iran

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in 2-25-year-olds in Sari district, Islamic Republic of Iran

Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E in two rural Egyptian communities.

An outbreak of hepatitis E in Northern Namibia, 1983.

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