Seroepidemiological Prevalence of Multiple Species of Filoviruses in Fruit Bats (<i>Eidolon helvum</i>) Migrating in Africa

Ogawa, Hirohito; Miyamoto, Hiroko; Nakayama, Eri; Yoshida, Reiko; Nakamura, Ichiro; Sawa, Hirofumi; Ishii, Akihiro; Thomas, Yuka; Nakagawa, Emiko; Matsuno, Keita; Kajihara, Masahiro; Maruyama, Junki; Nao, Naganori; Muramatsu, Mieko; Kuroda, Makoto; Simulundu, Edgar; Changula, Katendi; Hang’ombe, Bernard M.; Namangala, Boniface; Nambota, Andrew; Katampi, Jackson; Igarashi, Manabu; Ito, Kimihito; Feldmann, Heinz; Sugimoto, Chihiro; Moonga, Ladslav; Mweene, Aaron S.; Takada, Ayato

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv063

Cited by 101 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Moreover, EBOV antibodies have also been detected in other nonhuman primate species and additional insectivorous and frugivorous bat species in areas where no Ebola outbreaks have been documented yet (6). Many uncertainties still remain regarding the ecology of Ebola viruses, how they are maintained between outbreaks in wildlife, and the role of wildlife, because EBOV can also cause disease in certain species, especially chimpanzees and gorillas (7,8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of a Sensitive and Specific Serological Assay Based on Luminex Technology for Detection of Antibodies to Zaire Ebola Virus

et al. 2017

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The recent Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa illustrates clearly the need for additional studies with humans and animals to elucidate the ecology of Ebola viruses (EBVs). In this study, we developed a serological assay based on the Luminex technology. Nine recombinant proteins representing different viral regions (nucleoprotein [NP], 40-kDa viral protein [VP40], and glycoprotein [GP]) from four of the five EBV lineages were used. Samples from 94 survivors of the EBOV outbreak in Guinea and negative samples from 108 patients in France were used to calculate test performance for EBOV detection and cross-reaction with other Ebola virus lineages. For EBOV antibody detection, sensitivities of 95.7%, 96.8%, and 92.5% and specificities of 94.4%, 95.4%, and 96.3% for NP, GP, and VP40, respectively, were observed. All EBOV-negative samples that presented a reaction, except for one, interacted with a single antigen, whereas almost all samples from EBOV survivors were simultaneously reactive with NP and GP (90/94) or with NP, GP, and VP40 (87/94). Considering as positive for past EBOV infection only samples that reacted with EBOV NP and GP, sensitivity was 95.7% and specificity increased to 99.1%. Comparing results with commercial EBOV NP and GP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs; Alpha Diagnostic, San Antonio, TX), lower sensitivity (92.5%) and high specificity (100%) were observed with the same positivity criteria. Samples from EBOV survivors cross-reacted with GP from Sudan Ebola virus (GP-SUDV) (81.9%), GP from Bundibugyo Ebola virus (GP-BDBV) (51.1%), GP from Reston Ebola virus (GP-RESTV) (9.6%), VP40-SUDV (76.6%), and VP40-BDBV (38.3%). Overall, we developed a sensitive and specific high-throughput serological assay, and defined an algorithm, for epidemiological surveys with humans.KEYWORDS Ebola virus, serology, Luminex, recombinant proteins S ince 1976 and the first formal identification of Ebola virus (EBV) disease in Yambuku, in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), a total of 25 outbreaks have been reported today among humans in Africa, with a fatality rate between 25% and 90% (1). Twenty-three of the 25 Ebola virus disease outbreaks occurred in Central Africa, while two occurred in West Africa, including the most devastating outbreak in Guinea/ Liberia/Sierra Leone between 2013 and 2016, infecting more than 28,000 persons and causing 11,308 deaths (2, 3). For unknown reasons, no Ebola virus disease epidemics were detected between the 1979 outbreak in DRC and the 1994 outbreak in Côte D'Ivoire. However, since 1999, the frequency of outbreaks has increased (1, 2, 4). There are currently five species of Ebola viruses: Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) documented in the

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Development of a Sensitive and Specific Serological Assay Based on Luminex Technology for Detection of Antibodies to Zaire Ebola Virus

et al. 2017

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“…Although BDBV is related to EBOV, phylogenetic analysis indicates that these two viruses are antigenically distinct, with only 60% sequence similarity for the glycoprotein at the amino acid level (2,3). The natural reservoir for these viruses remains unknown; however, serological evidence suggests that fruit bats may serve as an animal host for EBOV (4,5).…”

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Ferrets Infected with Bundibugyo Virus or Ebola Virus Recapitulate Important Aspects of Human Filovirus Disease

Kozak

Kroeker

et al. 2016

J Virol

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Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) is the etiological agent of a severe hemorrhagic fever in humans with a case-fatality rate ranging from 25 to 36%. Despite having been known to the scientific and medical communities for almost 1 decade, there is a dearth of studies on this pathogen due to the lack of a small animal model. Domestic ferrets are commonly used to study other RNA viruses, including members of the order Mononegavirales. To investigate whether ferrets were susceptible to filovirus infections, ferrets were challenged with a clinical isolate of BDBV. Animals became viremic within 4 days and succumbed to infection between 8 and 9 days, and a petechial rash was observed with moribund ferrets. Furthermore, several hallmarks of human filoviral disease were recapitulated in the ferret model, including substantial decreases in lymphocyte and platelet counts and dysregulation of key biochemical markers related to hepatic/renal function, as well as coagulation abnormalities. Virological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed uncontrolled BDBV replication in the major organs. Ferrets were also infected with Ebola virus (EBOV) to confirm their susceptibility to another filovirus species and to potentially establish a virus transmission model. Similar to what was seen with BDBV, important hallmarks of human filoviral disease were observed in EBOV-infected ferrets. This study demonstrates the potential of this small animal model for studying BDBV and EBOV using wild-type isolates and will accelerate efforts to understand filovirus pathogenesis and transmission as well as the development of specific vaccines and antivirals. IMPORTANCEThe 2013-2016 outbreak of Ebola virus in West Africa has highlighted the threat posed by filoviruses to global public health. Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) is a member of the genus Ebolavirus and has caused outbreaks in the past but is relatively understudied, likely due to the lack of a suitable small animal model. Such a model for BDBV is crucial to evaluating vaccines and therapies and potentially understanding transmission. To address this, we demonstrated that ferrets are susceptible models to BDBV infection as well as to Ebola virus infection and that no virus adaptation is required. Moreover, these animals develop a disease that is similar to that seen in humans and nonhuman primates. We believe that this will improve the ability to study BDBV and provide a platform to test vaccines and therapeutics.

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“…Amman et al (2012) investigated the Python Cave inhabited by the Egyptian Fruit Bat in Uganda and detected viral nucleic sequences of MARV; also seven of the bats yielded Marburg virus isolates (Table 1). Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the viral glycoprotein antigens, Ogawa et al (2015) detected IgG ZEBOV, and MARV in serum samples collected from the fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) in Zambia during 2006-2013. Distinct specificity for Reston ebolavirus, so far known only from Philippines and China, in Asia (Barrette et al, 2009;Pan et al, 2014), has been shown also from E. helvum for the first time in Zambia (Ogawa et al, 2015).…”

Section: Chiropteran As Probable Natural Reservoirs Of Filovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the viral glycoprotein antigens, Ogawa et al (2015) detected IgG ZEBOV, and MARV in serum samples collected from the fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) in Zambia during 2006-2013. Distinct specificity for Reston ebolavirus, so far known only from Philippines and China, in Asia (Barrette et al, 2009;Pan et al, 2014), has been shown also from E. helvum for the first time in Zambia (Ogawa et al, 2015). Serological evidence of antibodies directed against flaviviruses and detection of viral nucleic acid incriminate those chiropters as potential reservoirs of filoviruses in nature.…”

Section: Chiropteran As Probable Natural Reservoirs Of Filovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anderson (1907) reported its distribution from Somalia, Djibouti, southeastern Ethiopia and Sudan in the northeast; Senegal, Gambia and Mali in the northwest, to Malawi, South Africa and Zimbabwe in the south. The transition of filovirus species causing outbreaks in Central and West Africa during 2005-2014 seemed to be synchronized with the change of the serologically dominant virus species in the species E. helvum (Ogawa et al, 2015), but surveillance programs seem too limited over time and space to state that the serological status of these bats has changed. Epomophorus gambianus, contrarily to the other Pteropodids suspected to be reservoirs of Ebolavirus, is not associated with the forested areas of Central Africa.…”

Section: Hypsignathus Monstrosus Epomops Franquetimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chiropteran and Filoviruses in Africa: Unveiling an ancient history

Sylla¹,

Pourrut²,

Diatta³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Seroepidemiological Prevalence of Multiple Species of Filoviruses in Fruit Bats (Eidolon helvum) Migrating in Africa

Cited by 101 publications

References 22 publications

Development of a Sensitive and Specific Serological Assay Based on Luminex Technology for Detection of Antibodies to Zaire Ebola Virus

Development of a Sensitive and Specific Serological Assay Based on Luminex Technology for Detection of Antibodies to Zaire Ebola Virus

Ferrets Infected with Bundibugyo Virus or Ebola Virus Recapitulate Important Aspects of Human Filovirus Disease

Chiropteran and Filoviruses in Africa: Unveiling an ancient history

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