Seroepidemiologic Survey for Coxiella burnetii Among US Military Personnel Deployed to Southwest and Central Asia in 2005

Royal, J W; Riddle, Mark S.; Mohareb, Emad; Monteville, Marshall R.; Porter, Chad K.; Faix, Dennis J.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.12-0174

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the Arabian Peninsula, the presence of C. burnetii in humans was reported in 1968, and a recent serological analysis detected C. burnetii Ig in 35.2% of patients with pyrexia of undetermined cause (83)(84)(85). In Qatar, Q fever data are rare, yet a seroprevalence of 2.1% was found in US soldiers deployed in this country (86).…”

Section: Human Q Fever Is Found On Six Of Seven Continents: An Epidemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

et al. 2020

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The "One Health" concept recognizes that human health is connected to animal health and to the ecosystems. Coxiella burnetii-induced human Q fever is one of the most widespread neglected zoonosis. The main animal reservoirs responsible for C. burnetii transmission to humans are domesticated ruminants, primarily goats, sheep, and cattle. Although studies are still too sparse to draw definitive conclusions, the most recent C. burnetii serosurvey studies conducted in herds and farms in Africa, North Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and Asia highlighted that seroprevalence was strikingly higher in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) than in other ruminants. The C. burnetii seroprevalence in camel herds can reach more than 60% in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan, and 70 to 80% in Algeria and Chad, respectively. The highest seroprevalence was in female camels with a previous history of abortion. Moreover, C. burnetii infection was reported in ticks of the Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma impeltatum species collected on camels. Even if dromedary camels represent <3% of the domesticated ruminants in the countries of the Mediterranean basin Southern coast, these animals play a major socioeconomic role for millions of people who live in the arid zones of Africa, Middle East, and Asia. In Chad and Somalia, camels account for about 7 and 21% of domesticated ruminants, respectively. To meet the growing consumers demand of camel meat and milk (>5 million tons/year of both raw and pasteurized milk according to the Food and Agriculture Organization) sustained by a rapid increase of population (growth rate: 2.26-3.76 per year in North Africa), dromedary camel breeding tends to increase from the Maghreb to the Arabic countries. Because of possible long-term persistence of C. burnetii in camel hump adipocytes, this pathogen could represent a threat for herds and breeding farms and ultimately for public health. Because this review highlights a hyperendemia of C. burnetii in dromedary camels, a proper screening of herds and breeding farms for C. burnetii is urgently needed in countries where camel breeding is on the rise. Moreover, the risk of C. burnetii transmission from camel to human should be further evaluated.

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Section: Human Q Fever Is Found On Six Of Seven Continents: An Epidemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

et al. 2020

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“…The first reports on Q fever in humans in Saudi Arabia were published in 1966 and 1968 (Gelpi, 1966). American soldiers deployed to Iraq in 1995 had 10.6 seroconversions per 1,000 person-months (Royal et al, 2013). Less is known about Q fever than brucellosis, although both are endemic to Saudi Arabia and share similar transmission routes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten-year experience of Q fever endocarditis in a tertiary cardiac center in Saudi Arabia

Elzein

Alsherbeeni

Alnajashi

et al. 2019

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background: Q fever endocarditis (QFE) is considered rare in the Middle East, with only a few cases reported in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study is to report on the experience of our centre on QFE. Methods: We searched the medical records for cases of QFE at our cardiac center from 2009-2018. Demographic data, clinical features, serology and echocardiography results, treatments, and outcomes were assessed. Results: Five hundred and two cases of infective endocarditis were detected over the 10 years period. Among the 234 patients with blood culture-negative endocarditis (BCNE), 19 (8.10%) had QFE. All patients had a previously diagnosed congenital heart disease except for one patient with rheumatic heart disease. Eleven patients had received a bovine jugular vein-related implant, e.g., a Melody valve (seven patients) or Contegra conduit (four patients). Coinfection was detected in three patients, and immunologic and embolic phenomena were observed in five patients. All patients received a combination of hydroxychloroquine and doxycycline, with good outcomes. Only two patients required surgery while on treatment. Two patients died several months after treatment; the cause of death was not identified. Conclusion: This study indicates that Q fever exists in our population. The majority of the patients had congenital heart disease (CHD) and underwent bovine jugular vein implants. Patients with CHD are at increased risk of infective endocarditis. Bovine jugular vein implants increase the risk of infective and possibly QFE. Proper exclusion of Q fever is warranted in all BCNE and possibly in culture-positive endocarditis cases in areas endemic to Q fever. Key points: We presented the largest series of Q fever endocarditis cases in Saudi Arabia. We showed that Q fever is not rare in the Middle East and suggest that it should be considered in all blood culture-negative endocarditis cases.

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“…Royal et al ( 20 ) recently reported C. burnetii seroprevalence in US troops deployed to the Al Asad region of Iraq in 2005; a known Q fever outbreak occurred in this region at this time. This smaller study (n = 136) reported a 7.2% prevalence of C. burnetii infection among troops located in that area at the time of the outbreak.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Seroconversion for Infectious Pathogens among UK Military Personnel Deployed to Afghanistan, 2008–2011

Newman¹,

Johnstone²,

Bridge³

et al. 2014

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Seroepidemiologic Survey for Coxiella burnetii Among US Military Personnel Deployed to Southwest and Central Asia in 2005

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

Ten-year experience of Q fever endocarditis in a tertiary cardiac center in Saudi Arabia

Seroconversion for Infectious Pathogens among UK Military Personnel Deployed to Afghanistan, 2008–2011

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