Seroepidemiologic Studies of Acute Ilemorrhagic Conjunctivitis Virus (Entero Virus Type 70) in West Africa. Ii. Studies With Human Sera Collected in West African Countries Other Than Ghana

Kono, Reisaku; Miyamura, Kikuko; Yamazaki, Shudo; Sasagawa, Akira; Kurahashi, Hiroki; Tajiri, Etsuko; Takeda, Naokazu; Robin, Y.; Renaudet, J.; Ishii, K.; Nakazono, Naoki; Sawada, H; Uchida, Yukio; Minami, Kazumori

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113192

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Most studies in adult populations have not taken HIV status into account and have concentrated on a specific disease or epidemic, such as meningitis, haemorrhagic conjunctivitis and hand–mouth and foot disease. The same viruses are typically isolated from adults and children (Kona et al. 1981; Grohmann et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence of prolonged enterovirus excretion in HIV‐seropositive patients

Gouandjika‐Vasilache

Akoua-Koffi

Begaud

et al. 2005

Tropical Med Int Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryMutations frequently occur in oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) strains upon replication in the human intestine. These strains occasionally revert to being neurovirulent. The more prolonged the excretion of OPV, the higher the risk of reversion. OPV strains can be secreted for several months in humans presenting humoral immune system deficiencies. The duration of excretion of OPV strains or other enteroviruses in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is unknown. We investigated whether HIV infection, which is very prevalent in the Central African Republic, causes prolonged excretion of enteroviruses and, in particular, of OPV strains in adults. We studied 28 HIVinfected adults living with children who were immunized with OPV during national immunization days (NIDs). Blood samples were collected to confirm HIV status and to evaluate immunodeficiency before the NIDs. Stool samples for enterovirus isolation were also collected before the NIDs, between the two rounds of immunization and 2, 4 and 6 months after the second round of immunization. No poliovirus was isolated from any stool sample. Eight enteroviruses were isolated from eight adults (maximum one strain per patient). Enteroviruses were not more frequently isolated from severely immunodeficient patients. Thus, HIV-infected adults do not appear to be at high risk of infection with OPV strains and the excretion of enteroviruses (and thus of polioviruses) does not seem to be prolonged in HIV-infected adults.keywords oral poliovirus vaccine, human immunodeficiency virus, adults, excretion

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence of prolonged enterovirus excretion in HIV‐seropositive patients

Gouandjika‐Vasilache

Akoua-Koffi

Begaud

et al. 2005

Tropical Med Int Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The virus was classified as a new type of enterovirus (26,27). No genetically related virus has been found among human and nonhuman viruses (31,32), and seroepidemiology did not give solid evidence of the history of the virus before its sudden appearance in humans (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Molecular evolution of the major capsid protein VP1 of enterovirus 70

Takeda

Tanimura

Miyamura

1994

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nucleotide sequences of the genome RNA encoding capsid protein VP1 (918 nucleotides) of 18 enterovirus 70 (EV70) isolates collected from various parts of the world in 1971 to 1981 were determined, and nucleotide substitutions among them were studied. The genetic distances between isolates were calculated by the pairwise comparison of nucleotide difference. Regression analysis of the genetic distances against time of isolation of the strains showed that the synonymous substitution rate was very high at 21.53 X 10-3 substitution per nucleotide per year, while the nonsynonymous rate was extremely low at 0.32 X 10-3 substitution per nucleotide per year. The rate estimated by the average value of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions (W.-H. Li, C.-C. Wu, and C.-C. Luo, Mol. Biol. Evol. 2:150-174, 1985) was 5.00 X 10-3 substitution per nucleotide per year. Taking the average value of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions as genetic distances between isolates, the phylogenetic tree was inferred by the unweighted pairwise grouping method of arithmetic average and by the neighbor-joining method. The tree indicated that the virus had evolved from one focal place, and the time of emergence was estimated to be August 1967 ± 15 months, 2 years before first recognition of the pandemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. By superimposing every nucleotide substitution on the branches of the phylogenetic tree, we analyzed nucleotide substitution patterns of EV70 genome RNA. In synonymous substitutions, the proportion of transitions, i.e., C<->U and G*->A, was found to be extremely frequent in comparison with that reported on other viruses or pseudogenes. In addition, parallel substitutions (independent substitutions at the same nucleotide position on different branches, i.e., different isolates, of the tree) were frequently found in both synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions. These frequent parallel substitutions and the low nonsynonymous substitution rate despite the very high synonymous substitution rate described above imply a strong restriction on nonsynonymous substitution sites of VP1, probably due to the requirement for maintaining the rigid icosahedral conformation of the virus.

show abstract

“…C]inicocpidemiological observations on the geographical and chronological spread of AHC suggested that it had started from a single focus in West Africa, probably Ghana (8,9,12). To confirm this hypothesis, we attempted to follow up the evolutionary changes of various EVT0 isolates in the world accumulated during the period of 1971--1981, by t~Nase Tl-resistant oligonueleotidc mapping analysis of their viral RNA.…”

Section: Introduetionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of enterovirus 70 in nature: All isolates were recently derived from a common ancestor

Miyamura

Tanimura

Takeda

et al. 1986

Archives of Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The data of large RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotide mapping of enterovirus 70 (EV 70) previously reported (Takeda et al., Virology 134, 375-388, 1984) were subjected to further genetical analysis to estimate the evolutionary rate of genome RNA of EV 70 and to clarify the phylogenetic relationship among isolates. A proportion of common spots between strains decreased as the year elapsed and eventually, only seven spots were common to all the 16 isolates tested, indicating that the substitution is scattered throughout the genome. On the other hand, some specific sets of spots were conserved among geographically or epidemiologically related strains. Base sequence variation of the isolates was deduced according to Aaronson et al. (Nucleic Acids Res. 10, 237-246, 1982) from pariwise comparison of the common spots and used as a genetic distance between them. The base substitution rate of virus genome was estimated by regression analysis of the genetic distance of the isolates against the sampling time. A fairly constant and rapid rate was obtained; it was 1.83 X 10(-3)/base/year. Based on the substitution rate, genetic distance and sampling time of the strains, the phylogenetic tree of EV 70 was constructed using Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) (Nei, Molecular Population Genetics and Evolution, North Holland, Amsterdam, 1975). The tree supports the previous hypothesis that evolution of EV 70 started from a single common ancestor. The time of its emergence was estimated to be 1967 +/- 15 months. The virus branched into many strains early during the first pandemic and has evolved in a divergent fashion, yielding genetically polymorphic viruses in the world.

show abstract

Seroepidemiologic Studies of Acute Ilemorrhagic Conjunctivitis Virus (Entero Virus Type 70) in West Africa. Ii. Studies With Human Sera Collected in West African Countries Other Than Ghana

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

No evidence of prolonged enterovirus excretion in HIV‐seropositive patients

No evidence of prolonged enterovirus excretion in HIV‐seropositive patients

Molecular evolution of the major capsid protein VP1 of enterovirus 70

Evolution of enterovirus 70 in nature: All isolates were recently derived from a common ancestor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About