Seroepidemiologic Studies of Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis Virus (Enterovirus Type 70) in West Africa

Kono, Reisaku; Sasagawa, Akira; Yamazaki, Shudo; Nakazono, Naoki; Minami, Kazumori; Otatsume, S; Robin, Y.; Renaudet, J.; Cornet, M.; Afoakwa, S.N.; Mingle, J. A. A.; Obinim, J. K.; Huros, A.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113203

Cited by 12 publications

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“…A similar result was obtained in the study of sera from domestic animals in West Africa in 1977 (Kono et al, 1981). A large proportion of cattle had NT activity against EV70 in high titers in their sera in pre-epidemic period; the sheep showed a cyclic pattern in NT activity in their sera every other year since 1966 and the situation of swine and chicken sera were similar to the present results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

ENTEROVIRUS TYPE 70-NEUTRALIZING IgM IN ANIMAL SERA

Sasagawa

Miyamura

Kono

1982

JJMSB

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SUMMARY:The neutralizing activity against human enterovirus type 70 was found in serum samples from normal cattle, horses, sheep, goats, swine and chickens raised in Japan. The frequency was variable depending upon animal species and the year of bleeding. The neutralizing activity in bovine sera was shown to reside in IgM by sucrose gradient centrifugation and immune gel electrophoresis. These findings suggested that the neutralizing substance in domestic animal sera is the antibody of IgM class elicited by unidentified viruses antigenically related to human enterovirus type 70.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

ENTEROVIRUS TYPE 70-NEUTRALIZING IgM IN ANIMAL SERA

Sasagawa

Miyamura

Kono

1982

JJMSB

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“…A putative African origin for EV94 in species D was suggested by its initial detection in acute flaccid paralysis patients in the DRC and its recovery from wastewater in Egypt as part of a poliovirus surveillance program (12,34). Furthermore, neutralizing antibodies against EV70 have been detected in the sera of African cattle, sheep, swine, chickens, goats, and dogs (16), implying a much wider host range than typically found in other enterovirus species and consistent with in vitro observations of its ability, along with EV94 to replicate in the cells derived from a wide range of mammalian species (33,34,37). The finding of a further species D enterovirus in chimpanzees is thus entirely consistent with widespread circulation in a range of mammalian species in sub-Saharan Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Genetic Characterization of Enteroviruses Circulating among Wild Populations of Chimpanzees in Cameroon: Relationship with Human and Simian Enteroviruses

Harvala

Sharp

Ngole

et al. 2011

J Virol

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Enteroviruses (EVs), members of the family Picornaviridae, are a genetically and antigenically diverse range of viruses causing acute infections in humans and several Old World monkey (OWM) species. Despite their known wide distribution in primates, nothing is currently known about the occurrence, frequency, and genetic diversity of enteroviruses infecting apes. To investigate this, 27 chimpanzee and 27 gorilla fecal samples collected from undisturbed jungle areas with minimal human contact in Cameroon were screened for EVs. Four chimpanzee samples were positive, but none of the gorilla samples were positive. Genetic characterization of the VP1, VP4, and partial VP2 genes, the 5 untranslated region, and partial 3Dpol sequences enabled chimpanzee-derived EVs to be identified as (i) the species A type, EV76, (ii) a new species D type assigned as EV111, along with a human isolate from the Democratic Republic of Congo previously described by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses, and (iii) a new species B type (assigned as EV110) most closely related to, although a distinct type from, the SA5 isolate recovered from a vervet monkey. The identification of EVs infecting chimpanzees related to those circulating in human and OWM populations provides evidence for cross-species transmission of EVs between primates. However, the direction of transfer and the existence of primate sources of zoonotic enterovirus infections in humans require further investigation of population exposure and more extensive characterization of EVs circulating in wild ape populations.

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“…The closest relative of EV94, EV70, replicates in cells derived from a wide range of mammalian species (Yoshii et al, 1977), and neutralizing antibodies against EV70 have been detected in the sera of cattle, sheep, swine, chickens, goats, dogs and monkeys (Kono et al, 1981;Sasagawa et al, 1982), suggesting that EV70 might have a wider host range than most other enteroviruses. However, EV70 isolates have not been found in animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EV70 also uses sialic acid-containing receptors in a variety of other human cell lines (Alexander & Dimock, 2002;Haddad et al, 2004;Nokhbeh et al, 2005). Our results suggest that EV94 does not need DAF to infect RD cells.The closest relative of EV94, EV70, replicates in cells derived from a wide range of mammalian species (Yoshii et al, 1977), and neutralizing antibodies against EV70 have been detected in the sera of cattle, sheep, swine, chickens, goats, dogs and monkeys (Kono et al, 1981;Sasagawa et al, 1982), suggesting that EV70 might have a wider host range than most other enteroviruses. However, EV70 isolates have not been found in animals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterovirus 94, a proposed new serotype in human enterovirus species D

Smura

Junttila

Blomqvist

et al. 2007

Journal of General Virology

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The genus Enterovirus (family Picornaviridae) contains five species with strains isolated from humans: Human enterovirus A (HEV-A), HEV-B, HEV-C, HEV-D and Poliovirus. In this study, a proposed new serotype of HEV-D was characterized. Four virus strains were isolated from sewage in Egypt and one strain from acute flaccid paralysis cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The complete genome of one environmental isolate, the complete coding sequence of one clinical isolate and complete VP1 regions from the other isolates were sequenced. These isolates had 66.6-69.4 % nucleotide similarity and 74.7-76.6 % amino acid sequence similarity in the VP1 region with the closest enterovirus serotype, enterovirus 70 (EV70), suggesting that the isolates form a new enterovirus type, tentatively designated enterovirus 94 (EV94). Phylogenetic analyses including sequences of the 59 UTR, VP1 and 3D regions demonstrated that EV94 isolates formed a monophyletic group within the species HEV-D. No evidence of recombination was found between EV94 and the other HEV-D serotypes, EV68 and EV70. Further biological characterization showed that EV94 was acid stable and had a wide cell tropism in vitro. Attempts to prevent replication with protective antibodies to known enterovirus receptors (poliovirus receptor, vitronectin a v b 3 receptor and decay accelerating factor) were not successful. Seroprevalence studies in the Finnish population revealed a high prevalence of this virus over the past two decades. INTRODUCTIONThe genus Enterovirus (family Picornaviridae) contains a large group of human pathogens. Although the majority of enterovirus infections are subclinical, enterovirus infection can lead to a variety of acute and chronic diseases including mild upper respiratory illness, febrile rash, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis, pleurodynia, acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), diabetes, myocarditis and neonatal sepsis-like disease (Pallansch & Roos, 2001). The primary site of enterovirus infection is the mucosal tissue of the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract. After spreading through the lymphatic system and circulation, the virus can infect secondary target tissues. The secondary replication sites largely define the clinical manifestations of a given enterovirus strain. In the intestinal mucosa, virus replication can continue for several weeks, during which time progeny virus is shed into faeces.The enterovirus genome is a single-stranded RNA molecule of approximately 7500 nt consisting of a single open reading frame flanked by non-coding 59 and 39 regions. The 59 UTR contains an internal ribosome-binding site, which is essential for translation initiation (Pelletier & Sonenberg, 1988;Molla et al., 1992;Chen & Sarnow, 1995). The 39 UTR forms highly conserved secondary and tertiary structures that are thought to be important in replication initiation (Pilipenko et al., 1992(Pilipenko et al., , 1996Mirmomeni et al., 1997). The open reading frame is translated into a single, large polypeptide, which is...

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Seroepidemiologic Studies of Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis Virus (Enterovirus Type 70) in West Africa

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

ENTEROVIRUS TYPE 70-NEUTRALIZING IgM IN ANIMAL SERA

ENTEROVIRUS TYPE 70-NEUTRALIZING IgM IN ANIMAL SERA

Detection and Genetic Characterization of Enteroviruses Circulating among Wild Populations of Chimpanzees in Cameroon: Relationship with Human and Simian Enteroviruses

Enterovirus 94, a proposed new serotype in human enterovirus species D

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