Serodiagnosis of Human Bocavirus 1 Infection among Hospitalised Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Latvia

Abstract

Contributed by Modra MurovskaSince its discovery in 2005, human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) has globally been one of the most common respiratory viruses. It is currently accepted that HBoV1 is a pathogen, causing upper and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children. However, due to the prolonged HBoV1 DNA shedding from the upper airways and the subsequent high rate of co-detections with other respiratory viruses, the interpretation of positive polymerase chain reaction results is challenging. The aim of this study was to identify acute HBoV1 infections by the presence of HBoV1-specific IgM and IgG measured by competition enzyme immunoassay, to elucidate the induction of Th1/Th2 cytokines, and to describe the clinical characteristics associated with acute HBoV1 infection in hospitalised children less than five years of age with LRTI. HBoV1 IgM was detected in 19/102 (18.6%) and IgG in 66/102 (64.7%) patients. HBoV1 IgM was most frequently found in patients aged 13 to 24 months. Pneumonia and acute wheezing were the most common clinical diagnoses among HBoV1 IgM positive patients. The seroprevalence of HBoV1-specific IgG increased with age, reaching 85% by the age of five years. were observed to be higher in patients with acute HBoV1 infection.

Human Bocavirus in Children with Respiratory Tract Infection: Molecular and Serological Detection

“…This result was predicted by considering the prevalence of HBoV in respiratory samples. The prevalence of HBoV infection varies from 2.7-19%, with the majority occurring in children under the age of two (Lindner and Modrow, 2008;Ziemele et al, 2019). In addition,…”

“…HBoV and Parvovirus B19 antibodies) (Endo et al, 2007;Kantola et al, 2008;Malecki et al, 2011), HBoV2-4 co-circulation may influence HBoV serological tests (Kantola et al, 2011;Haoet al, 2015;Ziemele et al, 2019). The unavailability of monospecific…”

“…HBoV infections in the airways are systemic and cause humoral immune responses (Allander et al, 2007;Kantola et al, 2008;Ziemele et al, 2019). Humans are infected with HBoV2-4 less frequently than HBoV1 and have weaker B-cell responses (Kantola et al, 2011).…”

“…The majority of the children aged (1-12m) had HBoV-DNA-positive (88.9%, P=0.007) and HBoV-IgMpositive results (86.7%, P=0.075), but there was no clear link between HBoV infection and clinical symptoms except for those of vomiting (P=0.019) (Table 1) and asthma (P=0.002) (Table 3). The fact that many viruses exhibit clinical symptoms that are similar (Calvo et al, 2010;Malecki et al, 2011;Ziemele et al, 2019) makes it unclear whether the symptoms were caused by the other viruses . Our findings revealed that four out of six (66.7%) asthmatic children were infected with HBoV (a significant corelation) (Table 3).…”

“…Pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis are the most prevalent HBoV symptoms (Lau et al, 2007). There have been numerous life-threatening reported cases of respiratory HBoV1 infections (Ziemele et al, 2019).…”