Serodiagnosis of Equine Piroplasmosis, Dourine, and Glanders Using an Arrayed Immunoblotting Method

Katz, J. I.; Chieves, L.; Hennager, Steven G.; Nicholson, Judy M.; Fisher, Theresa A.; Byers, Patricia E.

doi:10.1177/104063879901100316

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Due to the sophisticated technique, the high costs for mallein and mAbs and the restricted availability of these mAbs, the cELISAs will not be available for routine laboratories in the future. Other tests still used for diagnosing glanders are Rose Bengal agglutination test, indirect hemagglutination test, counter immunoelectrophoresis and indirect fluorescent antibody test [21,25-29] which have either technical shortcomings or have low specificity and/or sensitivity. New approaches using microarray technology for the serodiagnosis of glanders and melioidosis are based on polysaccharide antigens [30] but these techniques are expensive and not suited for routine mass testing of sera.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a Western blot technique for the serodiagnosis of glanders

Elschner

Scholz²,

Melzer

et al. 2011

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundThe in vivo diagnosis of glanders relies on the highly sensitive complement fixation test (CFT). Frequently observed false positive results are troublesome for veterinary authorities and cause financial losses to animal owners. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop a test with high specificity. Hence, a Western blot assay making use of a partly purified lipopolysaccaride (LPS) containing antigen of three Burkholderia mallei strains was developed. The test was validated investigating a comprehensive set of positive and negative sera obtained from horses and mules from endemic and non endemic areas.ResultsThe developed Western blot assay showed a markedly higher diagnostic specificity when compared to the prescribed CFT and therefore can be used as a confirmatory test. However, the CFT remains the test of choice for routine testing of glanders due to its high sensitivity, its feasibility using standard laboratory equipment and its worldwide distribution in diagnostic laboratories.ConclusionsThe CFT should be amended by the newly validated Western blot to increase the positive likelihood ratio of glanders serodiagnosis in non endemic areas or areas with low glanders prevalence. Its use for international trade of horses and mules should be implemented by the OIE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a Western blot technique for the serodiagnosis of glanders

Elschner

Scholz²,

Melzer

et al. 2011

BMC Vet Res

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“…There are also several other alternative serological tests that are used, such as the agar gel immunodiffusion test, the arrayed immunodiffusion method (Hagebock et al 1993), and the competitive immunoassay (cELISA). The cELISA method has several advantages over the CFT: it can be performed in less time than the corresponding CFT procedure, it is reproducible, results are objectively measured and calculated, and the method is amenable to automation (Katz et al 1999). While serological tests can be the method of choice for mass screening of populations, their main limitation will remain as the failure to demonstrate the parasite.…”

Section: Equine Trypanosomosis (Dourine)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dourine: a neglected disease of equids

Gizaw

Megersa

Fayera

2017

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Dourine is a venereal transmitted trypanosomosis causing a major health problem threatening equines worldwide. The origin and identification of Trypanosoma equiperdum within the subgenus Trypanozoon is still a subject of debate. Unlike other trypanosomal infections, dourine is transmitted almost exclusively by coitus. Diagnosis of dourine has continued to be a challenge, due to limited knowledge about the parasite and host-parasite interaction following infection. The pathological lesions caused by the diseases are poorly described and are observed mainly in the reproductive organs, in the nervous system, and on the skin. Dourine has been neglected by research and current knowledge on the disease, and the parasite is very deficient despite its considerably high burden. This paper looks in to the challenges in identification of T. equiperdum and diagnosis techniques with the aim to update our current knowledge of the disease.

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“…Both tests show comparable sensitivities (98.9 and 98.6%, respectively) and a specificity of 100%. Other tests used for diagnosing glanders are: Rose Bengal agglutination test, immunoblotting, indirect hemagglutination test, counter immunoelectrophoreses, and indirect fluorescent antibody test [33][34][35][36][37]. New approaches using microarray technology for the serodiagnosis of glanders and melioidosis are based on polysaccharide antigens [38].…”

Section: Serologymentioning

confidence: 99%