Serodiagnosis of Babesia equi in horses submitted to exercise stress

Roier

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

et al. 2011

Serum samples from 714 equids of Itaguaí and Serrana microregions, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, were examined by indirect fluorescent antibody test (titer 1:80) for Theileria equi. The prevalence in the microregions and factors associated with seropositivity were evaluated and the prevalence ratio (PR) calculated. The overall prevalence of T. equi infection was 81.09% (n = 579), with higher prevalence (p < 0.05) in the Itaguaí (85.43%) when compared to Serrana microregion (76.92%). The geographic area, altitude, farming condition and area of origin of equids were associated (p < 0.05) with seropositivity for T. equi. Equids reared in the Itaguaí microregion (PR = 1.11, p = 0.003) and at altitudes below 500 m (PR = 1.10; p = 0,014) were more likely to be seropositive for T. equi. Furthermore, when equids were born in the farm (PR = 1.10, p = 0.008) and reared with poor farming conditions (PR = 1.13, p = 0.018) they were more likely to be exposed to T. equi. The main ticks found on equids were Amblyomma cajennense and Dermacentor (Anocentor) nitens. The microregions studied are endemic areas for equine theileriosis and there exists enzootic stability for T. equi. Only factors related to the collection area of serum samples influenced the seropositivity of equids for T. equi in that region.Keywords: horses, equine theileriosis, IFAT, prevalence, epidemiology. ResumoAmostras de soro de 714 equídeos das microrregiões de Itaguaí e Serrana, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, foram submetidas ao teste de imunofluorescência indireta (título 1:80) para Theileria equi. A prevalência entre as microrregiões e os fatores associados à soropositividade foram avaliados e a razão de prevalência (RP) calculada. A prevalência geral para T. equi foi de 81,09% (n = 579), com maior prevalência (p < 0,05) para microrregião de Itaguaí (85,43%), quando comparado a Serrana (76,92%). A região, altitude, nível da propriedade e origem dos equídeos foram associados (p < 0,05) com a soropositividade para T. equi. Equídeos criados na microrregião de Itaguaí (RP = 1,11; p = 0,003) e em altitudes abaixo de 500 m (RP = 1.10; p = 0,014) apresentaram maior chance de se tornarem soropositivos para T. equi. Além disso, quando são criados em propriedades de nível ruim (RP = 1,13; p = 0,018) e nascidos na propriedade (RP = 1,10; p = 0,008) apresentaram mais chance de terem contato com T. equi. As principais espécies de carrapatos encontradas parasitando os equídeos foram Amblyomma cajennense e Dermacentor (Anocentor) nitens. As microrregiões estudadas são endêmicas para theileriose equina e de estabilidade enzoótica para T. equi. Apenas os fatores relacionados à área de coleta das amostras de soro influenciaram a soropositividade dos equídeos para T. equi naquela região.Palavras-chave: equinos, theileriose equina, RIFI, prevalência, epidemiologia.

“…AF255730) previously prepared according to Baldani et al (2007). For testing, the slides were incubated with each test serum, diluted at 1:80 in a humid chamber at 37 °C for 45 minutes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated to Theileria equi in equids of two microregions from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Roier

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

“…AF255730) and its sensitivity and specificity were assessed in a previous study (BALDANI et al, 2007). IFAT procedure essentially followed those described by Baldani et al (2007).…”

Section: Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (Ifat)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although IFAT is more sensitive than CFT and rarely renders false negative results FRIEDHOFF, 1986), standardization is difficult, considering the subjectivity of the reader in assessing the results (BÖSE et al, 1995;BRÜNING, 1996). ELISA is nowadays an alternative for increased specificity and sensitivity in the detection of acute and latent babesial infections and several procedures of ELISA using recombinant antigen or crude antigen have been standardized (BALDANI et al, 2007;KUMAR et al, 2003;HIRATA et al, 2003;XUAN et al, 2001;KATZ et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Theileria equi in horses raised in the Jaboticabal microregion, São Paulo State, Brazil

Baldani

Nakaghi

Machado

2010

Blood and serum samples from 170 horses raised in the Jaboticabal microregion, São Paulo State, Brazil, were collected and tested by microscopic examination of blood smears, indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) for Theileria equi infections. The association among the test results was verified by the McNemar test. During the examination of thin blood smears, parasites were detected in six (3.52%) horses. Anti-T. equi antibodies were detected in 100% sera samples, with titers ranging between 1:80 and 1:5120. The nPCR based on the T. equi merozoite antigen gene (EMA-1) allowed the visualization of specie-specific amplified product in 108 (63.53%) horses. All six samples judged positive microscopically were also positive for nPCR. Statistical analysis indicated general disagreement (p < 0.0001) between IFAT and nPCR; IFAT and blood smear; and nPCR and blood smear on the detection of parasite carriers. The results of the present study indicate that T. equi is widely spread among horses in the Jaboticabal microregion, Northeast region of São Paulo State, Brazil.

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

“…Antigens of B. canis vogeli , Babesia bovis, and T. equi were prepared as described. 43 Briefly, serum dilution tested against B. canis vogeli was 1:40, and to B. bovis and T. equi was 1:80. After washing with PBS buffer, slides were incubated with the corresponding fluorescein-conjugate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey for Tick-Borne Zoonoses in the State of Espirito Santo, Southeastern Brazil

Spolidorio¹,

Labruna²,

Machado³

et al. 2010

Self Cite

Blood samples collected from 201 humans, 92 dogs, and 27 horses in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil, were tested by polymerase chain reaction, indirect immunofluorescence assays, and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for tick-borne diseases (rickettsiosis, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, borreliosis, babesiosis). Our results indicated that the surveyed counties are endemic for spotted fever group rickettsiosis because sera from 70 (34.8%) humans, 7 (7.6%) dogs, and 7 (25.9%) horses were reactive to at least one of the six Rickettsia species tested. Although there was evidence of ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis) and babesiosis (Babesia canis vogeli, Theileria equi) in domestic animals, no human was positive for babesiosis and only four individuals were serologically positive for E. canis. Borrelia burgdorferi-serologic reactive sera were rare among humans and horses, but encompassed 51% of the canine samples, suggesting that dogs and their ticks can be part of the epidemiological cycle of the causative agent of the Brazilian zoonosis, named Baggio-Yoshinari Syndrome.