Sero‐taxonomy of skeletal macromolecules in living Terebratulid brachiopods

Collins, Matthew J.; Currys, G.B.; Quinn, R.; Muyzer, Gerard; Zomerdijk, Timo P.L.; Westbroek, Peter

doi:10.1080/08912968809386475

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Intra-crystalline macromolecules were isolated from Recent brachiopods as previously described (Collins et al 1988). Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) soluble fossil macromolecules (EDTA SF) were prepared as follows.…”

Section: Preparation Of Shellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dry fragments were powdered in a Sibeteck grinding apparatus and subsequently de-mineralized in 20% w/v EDTA as previously described for secondary layer shell fibre preparations (see Collins et al 1988).…”

Section: ) *mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zealand. Additional samples used in the study (Table 1) were collected as previously described (Collins et al 1988).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Macromolecules in brachiopod shells: characterization and diagenesis

Collins¹,

Muyzer²,

Curry³

et al. 1991

LET

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An immunological investigation was conducted of soluble intra‐crystalline macromolecules isolated from living and fossil brachiopod shells, which had previously been used for an immunologically based study of phylogeny (serotaxonomy). The soluble intra‐crystalline macromolecules comprised 0.03% by weight of the extant shell material. Bulk analysis and gel electrophoresis indicated that the organic material is predominantly glycoprotein, and contains up to 30% by weight carbohydrate. Treatment of the macromolecules with periodate and proteinase K revealed that antibodies were raised predominantly against the carbohydrate moieties. Using a specially adapted dot blot immunobinding assay (DIBA) the decay in immunological signal over geological time was determined. Pleistocene shells have lost between 99 and 99.9% of immunological reactivity, and original antigenic determinants form a declining proportion of total organic matter. It is suggested that condensation reactions between amino acids and sugars account for the rapid destruction of determinants; this has important implications for the direction of future studies on fossil macromolecules. □Serotaxonomy, biomolecular palaeontology, glycoproteins, melanoidins, brachiopods.

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Section: Preparation Of Shellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) *mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macromolecules in brachiopod shells: characterization and diagenesis

Collins¹,

Muyzer²,

Curry³

et al. 1991

LET

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“…Insoluble material was removed by centrifugation (5 min, 13,000 rpm). Demineralization with EDTA instead of acetic acid permitted direct analysis of the supernatant by ELISA and dot-blot (22), using anti-mucoperlin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucins and Molluscan Calcification

Marin¹,

Corstjens²,

Gaulejac³

et al. 2000

Journal of Biological Chemistry

177

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A cDNA expression library constructed from mantle tissue mRNA of the Mediterranean fan mussel Pinna nobilis was screened with antibodies raised against the acetic acid-soluble shell matrix of the same species. This resulted in the isolation of a 2138-base pair cDNA, containing 13 tandem repeats of 93 base pairs. The deduced protein has a molecular mass of 66.7 kDa and a isoelectric point of 4.8. This protein, which is enriched in serine and proline residues, was overexpressed, purified, and used for producing polyclonal antibodies. Immunological in situ and in vitro tests showed that the protein is localized in the nacreous aragonitic layer of P. nobilis, but not in the calcitic prisms. Because this protein of the nacre of P. nobilis exhibits some mucin-like characteristics, we propose the name mucoperlin. This is the first paper reporting the cloning of a molluscan mucin and the first molecular evidence for the involvement of a mucin in molluscan calcification. This finding corroborates our previous hypothesis that some of the proteinaceous constituents of the molluscan shell matrix would derive from mucins, common to many metazoan lineages of the late Precambrian (Marin, F., Smith, M., Isa, Y., Muyzer, G. and Westbroek, P. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93, 1554 -1559). The adaptation of an ancestral mucin to a new function, the regulation of the mineralization process, may be one of the molecular events, among others, that would explain the simultaneous emergence of organized calcification in many metazoan lineages during the Cambrian explosion.The skeletons produced by molluscs to protect and support their soft bodies are organo-mineral amalgamates (1, 2) exhibiting a high degree of order at the nanoscale (3). As a rule, the mineralized structure has mechanical properties far superior to each of its constituent components. A well known example is mother-of-pearl or nacre. Its micron-sized compact brick wall texture is more than 1000 times tougher than the chemically precipitated counterpart, aragonite (4).A complex biochemical machinery is required for the production of these highly ordered biominerals. Specialized microenvironments must be created to accommodate the growing minerals (1, 5). The constituent ions as well as macromolecules capable of directing and fine-tuning the crystallization must be supplied, while waste products of crystallization have to be removed and deleterious precipitations avoided. The actual biomineralization process follows as a remarkable case of selforganization, with the densely packed organic-inorganic composite emerging as the final product. Furthermore, the organisms must deploy upstream the calcification, signal transmitters (6, 7), and transcription factors (8, 9) able to switch their biomineralizing machineries on and off.Despite its complexity, it would appear as though the skeleton-forming machinery evolved with remarkable facility. The skeletons of many animal phyla were installed in less than 30 million years, since the beginning of the Cambrian, 544 million ...

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“…The reproductive cycle o f T. retusa from a second, possibly partially genetically isolated p o p u l a t i o n (Collins et al 1988), in a n o t h e r Scottish sea-loch, Loch Fyne, was investigated also, to examine the ways in which the reproductive strategy o f this species is a d a p t e d to different environments. A stereological m e t h o d o l o g y was a d o p t e d so that quantitative estimates o f gamete p r o d u ction could be made.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive cycle of the brachiopodTerebratulina retusa on the west coast of Scotland

1991

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Abstract. The reproductive cycles of two populations of the Recent articulate brachiopod Terebratulina retusa (Linnaeus) are described, based on samples taken between October 1985 and October 1986. Stereological analysis of the gonads revealed a single synchronised spawning event between late November and the end of January in the Firth of Lorn. In a second population, in Loch Fyne, spawning took place repeatedly throughout the spring and summer, with greatest spawning activity occurring in the late autumn. T. retusa from Loch Fyne were approximately three times more fecund than those from the Firth of Lorn. Productivity in the Clyde Sea area is approximately five times higher than in Firth of Lorn and higher fecundities and spawning frequencies of the Loch Fyne population are attributed, in part, to greater food availability. The initiation of gametogenesis appears to be mediated by the mobilisation of reserves stored in the outer mantle epithelium during the winter. Primary productivity increases dramatically in the spring and gametogenesis shows a corresponding increase.

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Sero‐taxonomy of skeletal macromolecules in living Terebratulid brachiopods

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Macromolecules in brachiopod shells: characterization and diagenesis

Macromolecules in brachiopod shells: characterization and diagenesis

Mucins and Molluscan Calcification

Reproductive cycle of the brachiopodTerebratulina retusa on the west coast of Scotland

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