Sero-prevalence of Newcastle disease and associated risk factors in chickens at backyard chicken production Kindo Koisha, Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia

Wodajo, Wondimu; Mohammed, Nejib; Tora, Ephrem; Seyoum, Wasihun

doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.1089931

“…In this study, antibody against ND was detected in a higher proportion of the samples (68%) even though the sampled birds were not vaccinated ( Table 1 ). Similarly, antibodies were detected from unvaccinated birds located at Melekoza district of Gofa zone, 25 Sodo Zuria district; 26 Central Ethiopia; 27 Adama; 13 Buno Bedelle zone; 16 Eastern Shewa zone; 28 Wolaita zone 29 and Sebeta area. 15 This elicited the endemic nature of the disease over a wide area of the country which requires intervention to control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Molecular Detection and Serological Investigation of Newcastle Disease in Intensive, Semi-Intensive, and Backyard Production Systems in Central and Southwestern Areas of Ethiopia

Emeru,

Dame,

Desta

2024

VMRR

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Purpose The purpose of this research is to detect Newcastle disease virus and to assess the seropositivity among backyard, semi-intensive, and intensive farms located in central and southwestern areas of Ethiopia. Material and Methods A total of 239 oropharyngeal and cloacal swab samples were collected from symptomatic birds found in Holeta, Burayu, Jimma towns as well as Seka Chekorsa and Nadhigibe woredas of Jimma Zone. In addition, ninety blood samples were collected from wing veins of unvaccinated birds found in the study areas of Jimma zone. Side-by-side information related to risk factors estimated to contribute to the susceptibility of the disease was collected by interviewing owners of sampled birds. Reverse transcription polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to detect NDV. Likewise, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the seropositivity of ND. Results The proportion of samples where NDV was detected was 24.6%. Similarly, 68.9% of the sampled birds were seropositive. It was observed that adult birds were more likely to encounter the disease than youngs (OR = 11.6; 95% CI: 4.0–33.3; P = 0.000). Birds owned by respondents who leave diseased birds in the flock were more likely infected (OR = 6.2; 95% CI: 1.8–21.2; P=0.004) as compared to those isolated and mode of disposal of dead chicken significantly affect exposure (OR = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.10–4.88; P = 0.044). Likewise, access to veterinary services highly likely reduces susceptibility to the disease (OR = 12.4; 95% CI: 3.2–46.9; P = 0.000). It was also found that birds farmed intensively were the most at risk (OR = 2.8; 95% CI: 0.58–13.71; P = 0.199). Conclusion Detection of ND from a significant proportion of sampled birds and their high seropositivity percentage revealed the circulation of the virus in the study areas.

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“…The analysis of 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR is presented in Figure 5(A) and 5(B), respectively; in each part, the upper part shows the QLCs and the lower part the standard. From Figure 5(A), the proton spectrum of QLCs can be identified, namely the chemical shift (δ) at 4.800 ppm is CD 3 OD, while the chemical shift (δ) CD 3 OD of the standard quercetin spectrum is 4.870 ppm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From Figure 5(A), the proton spectrum of QLCs can be identified, namely the chemical shift (δ) at 4.800 ppm is CD 3 OD, while the chemical shift (δ) CD 3 OD of the standard quercetin spectrum is 4.870 ppm. Figure 5(B) shows the chemical shift (δ) position of the CD 3 OD in 13 C NMR of QLCs and quercetin standards occurred at 47.665 ppm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In result, page 11, wavenumber should be separated. it was not uniformly written in many pages, (check page 12,13). The low yield of the extract should be compared to early researchers.…”

Section: Open Peer Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NDV is an RNA virus with at least 11 pathogenic PMV serotypes in poultry. 13 The classification of NDV isolates is divided into three groups according to virulence: the malignant group (velogenic), the moderately malignant group (mesogenic), and the group with low malignancy (lentogenic). 14 The exploration of QLCs as an antimicrobial agent, especially an antiviral, is critical given the demands of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food Agriculture Organization (FAO) regarding the third sustainable development goal (to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages) will be related to veterinary drug residues and antimicrobial resistance (AMR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro analysis of quercetin-like compounds from mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq as a potential antiviral agent for Newcastle disease

Mochamad,

Malarvili,

Jasmine

et al. 2023

F1000Res

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Background: Recent evidence suggests that some flavonoid compounds obtained from crude methanol extract of mistletoe leaves (Dendrophthoe pentandra L. Miq), also known as Benalu Duku (BD), have antimicrobial effects. Thus, the plant has the potential to eliminate viruses that may cause outbreaks in chicken farms. This study aimed to prove the in vitro ability of flavonoid compounds, namely quercetin-like compounds (QLCs), to eliminate field viruses, specifically the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Methods: This research was performed in two stages. An in vitro test was used with a post-test of the control groups designed at a significance of 0.05. BD leaves (5 kg) were extracted using a maceration method with methanol and then separated into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions. The final extracted products were separated using semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to obtain QLCs. The QLCs were identified and compared with quercetin using HPLC, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The activity of QLCs was tested in vitro against the NDV at a virulency titer of 10−5 Tissue Culture Infectious Dose 50% (TCID50) and in chicken kidney cell culture. Results: Solutions of 0.05% (w/v) QLCs were discovered to have antiviral activity against NDVs, with an average cytopathogenic effect antigenicity at a 10−5 dilution (p<0.05). Conclusions: QLCs from flavonoids from the leaves of BD have antiviral bioactivity against NDVs and may have the potential to be developed as medicinal compounds for the treatment of other human or animal viral infections.

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In vitro analysis of quercetin-like compounds from mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq as a potential antiviral agent for Newcastle disease

Mochamad,

Malarvili,

Jasmine

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Recent evidence suggests that some flavonoid compounds obtained from crude methanol extract of mistletoe leaves (Dendrophthoe pentandra L. Miq), also known as Benalu Duku (BD), have antimicrobial effects. Thus, the plant has the potential to eliminate viruses that may cause outbreaks in chicken farms. This study aimed to prove the in vitro ability of flavonoid compounds, namely quercetin-like compounds (QLCs), to eliminate field viruses, specifically the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Methods: This research was performed in two stages. An in vitro test was used with a post-test of the control groups designed at a significance of 0.05. BD leaves (5 kg) were extracted using a maceration method with methanol and then separated into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions. The final extracted products were separated using semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to obtain QLCs. The QLCs were identified and compared with quercetin using HPLC, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The activity of QLCs was tested in vitro against the NDV at a virulency titer of 10−5 Tissue Culture Infectious Dose 50% (TCID50) and in chicken kidney cell culture. Results: Solutions of 0.05% (w/v) QLCs were discovered to have antiviral activity against NDVs, with an average cytopathogenic effect antigenicity at a 10−5 dilution (p<0.05). Conclusions: QLCs from flavonoids from the leaves of BD have antiviral bioactivity against NDVs and may have the potential to be developed as medicinal compounds for the treatment of other human or animal viral infections.

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Sero-prevalence of Newcastle disease and associated risk factors in chickens at backyard chicken production Kindo Koisha, Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Molecular Detection and Serological Investigation of Newcastle Disease in Intensive, Semi-Intensive, and Backyard Production Systems in Central and Southwestern Areas of Ethiopia

Molecular Detection and Serological Investigation of Newcastle Disease in Intensive, Semi-Intensive, and Backyard Production Systems in Central and Southwestern Areas of Ethiopia

In vitro analysis of quercetin-like compounds from mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq as a potential antiviral agent for Newcastle disease

In vitro analysis of quercetin-like compounds from mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq as a potential antiviral agent for Newcastle disease

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