Sero-prevalence of HBV and associated risk factors among HIV positive individuals attending ART clinic at Mekelle hospital, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Weldemhret, Letebrhan; Asmelash, Tsehaye; Belodu, Rashmi; Gebreegziabiher, Dawit

doi:10.1186/s12981-016-0090-2

Cited by 23 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The observed rate of active HBV infection (as marked by HBsAg) in the current study was concordant with results among HIV-infected population in various localities: central Ethiopia (Addis Ababa) (3.9%), 17 north Ethiopia (Mekelle) (5. 9%), 18 , 19 and northwest Ethiopia (Gondar) (5.6%). 19 The similar rate of HBsAg between HIV-infected population and the general population (7%) 11 or other subpopulations such as pregnant women (3.8%–6%), 20 – 22 blood donors (4.7%–10.9%), 17 , 23 and diabetic patients (3.7%) 24 in Ethiopia highlights HIV-infected people might not be different from other subpopulations with respect to HBsAg clearance rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coinfections with hepatitis B and C virus and syphilis among HIV-infected clients in Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Shimelis¹,

Tassachew²,

Tadewos³

et al. 2017

HIV

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IntroductionHepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are hepatotropic viruses of public health significance worldwide. Despite their severe clinical impact in HIV-infected patients, there is inadequate information regarding the epidemiology of hepatitis/HIV coinfections in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections among HIV-infected patients at a tertiary hospital in Southern Ethiopia.MethodsStored sera, which were originally collected for the investigation of syphilis among HIV-infected clients, were analyzed in this study. Samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen using rapid diagnostic tests. Those samples that tested positive for HBsAg were further analyzed for hepatitis B e antigen. All sera were tested for antibody to HCV infection using rapid diagnostic test.ResultsHBsAg was positive for 6.3% of the participants; of whom, 10% were positive for hepatitis B e antigen. The exposure rates to HBV (antibody to hepatitis B core antigen) and HCV (anti-HCV) infections were 22.4 and 3.1%, respectively. The rates of coinfections with HBV-syphilis, HCV-syphilis, and HBV-HCV were found to be 3.1, 0.6, and 1.3%, respectively. HBV exposure rate was significantly higher among participants in the age range 40–49 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.98; 95% CI, 1.01–3.88) and those who had a CD4+ T cell count <200 cells/μL (AOR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.13–5.10) and 200–349 cells/μL (AOR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.28–4.35).ConclusionThe rates of HBV and HCV infections were found to be similar to other subpopulations in Ethiopia. Age and CD4+ T cell level influenced the rate of HBV exposure. As human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis coinfections are clinically consequential in people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the need to screen this population for HBV and HCV infections is critically important.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coinfections with hepatitis B and C virus and syphilis among HIV-infected clients in Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Shimelis¹,

Tassachew²,

Tadewos³

et al. 2017

HIV

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“…Explanation for HBV than HCV coinfection is easier. Sexual transmission of HBV and HIV is more efficient than for HCV [38]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-prevalence and Correlates of Hepatitis B and C Co-infection Among HIV-infected Individuals in Two Regional Hospitals in Cameroon

Luma

Eloumou

Ekaney

et al. 2016

TOAIDJ

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Background:Liver disease related to Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infection has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV/AIDS patients. Data on the prevalence of HBV and HCV in Cameroon remains inconclusive.Objective:We aimed to determine the sero-prevalence and correlates of Hepatitis markers in HIV/AIDS patients in two Regional Hospitals.Methods:A cross-sectional study carried out from December 2014 to March 2015. HIV/AIDS patients aged 21 were included and above, receiving care at HIV treatment centres. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to screen for Hepatitis with HBsAg and anti HCV antibody rapid immunochromatographic test kits. Correlates of hepatitis were investigated by logistic regression. STATA was used for data analysis.Results:We included 833 HIV/AIDS patients,78.8% (657) were female. Mean age was 44(SD 11) years. Prevalence of Hepatitis in general (total of two viral markers tested) was 8.9% (74/833), with 6.1% for HBsAg and 2.8% for Anti-HCV antibodies. From multivariate analysis, the likelihood of having hepatitis was independently increased by a history of surgical interventions [OR: 1.82(1.06-3.14)], and of sexually transmitted infections [OR: 2.20(1.04-4.67)].Conclusion:Almost one in ten participants with HIV/AIDS attending the BRH and LRH tested positive for either HBsAg or anti HCV antibodies. Screening for HBV and HCV should therefore be integrated to the existing guidelines in Cameroon as it can influence management. More studies are needed to evaluate the extent of liver disease and magnitude of HIV suppression in hepatitis and HIV coinfection in this setting.

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“…Most HBV prevalence estimates were based on studies among pregnant women and blood donors [ 10 – 13 ]. Small cohort studies from the central and northern part of Ethiopia have estimated the prevalence rate of HBV in HIV positive patients at 3.0%- 5.9% [ 14 – 16 ], and suggested that CHB may be a significant health concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, genotypes and drug resistance mutations in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients in Northwest Ethiopia

et al. 2017

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BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are endemic. Although there has been great progress in HIV care, universal HBV vaccination and care is lacking. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV, HBV genotypes, and drug resistance mutations in dual infected cases in a cohort of HIV patients in Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA total of 308 HIV-1 positive patients were enrolled into the study and tested for HBsAg in plasma. In HBsAg positive samples, HBV DNA was analyzed for HBV genotype using in-house nested PCR with HBV-specific pre-core / core or surface primers, and for HBV drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in polymerase region. Odds ratio at 95% confidence interval was calculated.ResultsOf the 308 HIV-positive subjects, 62.7% were female, median age 38 years (range 18–68, IQR: 27–49), and the median CD4 count 405 cells/μl (IQR: 75–734). Overall, 94.2% were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) frequently with combinations of Zidovudine (AZT)- Lamivudine (3TC)—Nevirapine (NVP). HBsAg was detected in 5.5% (95%CI 2.95–8.08%) of the study participants, of which the majority were infected with HBV genotype A (7A, 2E, 2D, 1C, 1 G). All HIV/HBV positive cases were on ART with anti-HBV activity (i.e., 3TC) and 3TC associated HBV DRMs (i.e., rtV173L, rtL180M, and rtM204V) were detected in 7/13 (53.8%) subjects.ConclusionIn this cross-sectional study of HIV-infected individuals, we found 5.5% HBV/HIV co-infected cases. Most were receiving the first generation anti-HBV therapy with a low genetic barrier to resistance, and several carried mutations associated with anti-HBV (3TC) drug resistance. These data underscore the importance of integrating HBV screening to the HIV treatment guidelines for better management and prevention of HBV-related liver disease.

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Sero-prevalence of HBV and associated risk factors among HIV positive individuals attending ART clinic at Mekelle hospital, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Coinfections with hepatitis B and C virus and syphilis among HIV-infected clients in Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Coinfections with hepatitis B and C virus and syphilis among HIV-infected clients in Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Sero-prevalence and Correlates of Hepatitis B and C Co-infection Among HIV-infected Individuals in Two Regional Hospitals in Cameroon

The burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, genotypes and drug resistance mutations in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients in Northwest Ethiopia

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